George Na'ope, Master of Sacred Hula, Dies at 81

November 5, 2009
George Na'ope, Master of Sacred Hula, Dies at 81
By DENNIS HEVESI

George Na'ope, whose mastery of the hula - the flowing, pantomimic dance
of Hawaii - and its lilting chants made him a last link between an
ancient ritual and modern entertainment, died on Oct. 26 at his home in
Hilo, Hawaii. He was 81.

The cause was lung disease, said Iwalani Kalima, his student and
caretaker for more than 40 years.

Known as Uncle George to thousands of fans, the diminutive Mr. Na'ope
(he stood barely five feet tall and weighed less than 100 pounds) was
considered a hula lo'ea, or hula master, according to Maile Loo,
executive director of the Hula Preservation Society in Kaneohe, Hawaii.

"We view him as the last of the great masters who spent their life
training and teaching hula," Ms. Loo said in an interview on Tuesday.
"His reach around the world is unmatched."

For more than 60 years Mr. Na'ope (pronounced na-OH-peh) taught hula and
chanting in Europe, South America, Australia, Japan and in the
continental United States. Although he had a long career performing the
more modern mode of the dance, even comic versions, his greater role was
in inspiring native Hawaiians to revive their sacred dance.

In 1964 Mr. Na'ope was a founder of the Merrie Monarch Festival, a
weeklong event held each spring in Hilo celebrating traditional Hawaiian
art, crafts, music and dance. The festival has achieved worldwide
recognition for its contributions to history and culture. A highlight of
the week is a three-day hula competition. Mr. Na'ope would often appear
in a broad-brimmed hat adorned with long feathers and silk tropical
foliage, gold medallions around his neck and oversized rings on each of
his fingers.

Unlike some Polynesian dances, the hula began as a form of worship,
evolving into a form of entertainment only in the 20th century. Every
body movement or hand gesture had a specific meaning. A movement might
represent a particular plant or animal, symbolize war or peace. In
imitating a shark or waving palm tree, the true hula dancer believed
that he or she had become the shark or palm.

"The old style is accompanied by a chant, our version of a song that
tells a story," Ms. Loo said. "Because we had no written language,
everything was preserved through the chants: our history, our values,
the stories of our leaders; thousands of lines of poetry."

Modern hula - often accompanied by ukulele, steel guitars or piano -
usually does not involve chanting. "In sacred hula you use hollowed
gourds, drums made from trunks of coconut trees with a shark skin over
the top; water-worn pebbles that are clicked together," Ms. Loo said.

Through his workshops, concerts and the festival, Mr. Na'ope sought to
revive tradition.

"By the end of the 1950s there were only about five people who had the
upbringing that Mr. Na'ope had in what we call hula kapu, or sacred
hula," said Nalani Kanakaole, a professor of Hawaiian studies at Hawaii
Community College in Hilo. "They started what we call the Hawaiian
renaissance, and because of Uncle George and those other people, ancient
hula has been redeemed from that Hollywood-type image."

For George Lanakilakeikiahiali'i Na'ope, it began in childhood.

Born in Kalihi, a poor neighborhood of Honolulu, on Feb. 25, 1928, he
was one of six children of Harry Jr. and Mariah Ka'alepo Na'ope. When he
was 3 a neighbor began teaching him hula chanting. The family moved to
Hilo when George was 13. Soon after, he was teaching hula for 50 cents a
lesson. In his sophomore year, a friend who was auditioning as a dancer
for Ray Kinney, a renowned Hawaiian bandleader, asked George to
accompany him with chanting.

Mr. Kinney hired George, and for several years the young man traveled
the world with the band: singing, dancing, playing ukulele and chanting.
He performed at hotels in Waikiki; opened a hula school and recorded
albums of modern songs. But he remained rooted in sacred hula.

Mr. Na'ope and several other devotees started the Merrie Monarch
Festival, dedicating it to King David Kalakaua, who ruled Hawaii in the
late 19th century. The festival is now attended by about 20,000 people
each year.

"I felt the hula was becoming too modern and that we have to preserve
it," Mr. Na'ope said in 2006 when he received a National Heritage
Fellowship from the National Endowment for the Arts, the country's
highest honor in the folk and traditional arts. "I decided to honor
Kalakaua and have a festival with just hula. I didn't realize that it
was going to turn out to be one of the biggest things in our state."

Mr. Na'ope is survived by a brother, Francis; three sisters, Eileen
Crum, Bernie Konanni and Emma Werley; and an unofficially adopted son,
Beyers Hoatili Na'ope.

Uncle George remained a revered presence at the festival, usually
perched on a huge peacock-style chair. In April he was there in a
wheelchair. But in previous years cheering crowds gave him standing
ovations when he performed a hula for the festival's finale.

Copyright 2009 The New York Times Company
[ Auf dieses Posting antworten ]