Re: Zionists accused of murder by A.I. - STILL ABLE TO ROB THE REST OF THE WORLD.

"mose" <mose@capp.com> wrote in message news:...
>
> "un.estigma" <estigma786@gmail.com> wrote in message
> news:5198117b-1665-4938-81c7-4dbfe5201086@a32g2000yqm.googlegroups.com...
>> http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mLZgNy46aTQ
>>
>> USA and Canada are forced to pay taxes to the Zionist when buying
>> caned food! WHY??!!
>> http://kosherfood.about.com/od/guidetokosherfoodlabels/ss/symbols.htm

http://www.libreopinion.com/members/standarteslc/jewishquestion05.html

The Kosher Food Tax


You want to see what Jewish tax you are paying.

400 Jewish organizations. Cake mix. ADL just a few bucks. 150 billion of
food products. Oh and now worldwide under US patronage , not of course that
Jews are large parasitic lumps on America. IE 2% of the population sucking
of billions for their church and rabbis. Not to mention various other of
their religious and private organizations.

ADL that dear little organization who's label as the Anti Defamation League
would be as false as the Democratic Republic label of North Koreas.

Now why would a Jewish semi religious organization protect the sucking of
billions of dollars from Americans and all America's friends and scream anti
Semitism to protect that hidden illicit income when no other organization ,
religion has used such subterfuge to live of it's fellow citizens.

And one can only hope that that is either stopped or decreased so that the
rest of the world is not forced to support religions with practices like
that. And with the newly prominent religion of Mohomadeism with it's special
religious dietary requirements used to rob the rest of the country.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6NiMEWHvG8Q&feature=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-XbMmmKjM_s

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oe2ZxVvHR4g&feature=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-CdDzqYSrKk&feature=related

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6NiMEWHvG8Q&feature=related

THEN THERES AID?????
http://www.ameu.org/printer.asp?iid—&aid4


http://www.libreopinion.com/members/standarteslc/jewishquestion10.html
COMPARE FOR HEALTH COSTS
http://www.fcnl.org/pdfs/budget/checkbook/ONCB_handout_US.pdf


> Heinrich wrote:
> > The Friends of the Israel Defense Forces raised a record $18 million at
> > its annual gala dinner held last week in New York City.
> >
> > Transportation Minister Shaul Mofaz addressed more than 1,300 attendees
> > and remarked on the key security challenges facing Israel. The former
> > defense minister and army chief warned that Iran intended to carry out
> > its threats to destroy Israel.
> >
> > "Teheran's intentions are crystal clear. The day Iran's capabilities
> > allow it to fully act on its intentions is the day those intentions will
> > be carried out. And that day must never come," Mofaz said, adding:
"When
> > it comes to Iran let me assure you we will also know how to protect
> > ourselves."
> >
> > Mofaz also told attendees that UN resolution 1701, the basis for the
> > cease-fire ending the war in Lebanon, was not being fully implemented.
> >
> > He said Israel is seeing Hizbullah "rearm and return to southern
> > Lebanon" and he added that the Lebanese army was not doing what was
> > necessary to disarm them.
> >
> > On the Palestinian front, Mofaz said the unity government formed last
> > month was in reality a "Hamas government operating with Hamas
ideology."
> > He said that Hamas plans to overtake the Palestinian Authority and he
> > called on the international community not to be fooled as they extend
> > "one hand in peace while the other is deeply involved in terror."
> >
> > "At this very moment Hamas is strengthening its military forces and
> > preparing for terror attacks and armed conflict against Israel," he
> > said.
> >
> > Prime Minister Ehud Olmert delivered a recorded message to the attendees
> > during which he thanked them for their continuing support.
> >
> > Both Olmert and Mofaz said that Israel would not compromise on security
> > and they will not rest until the three kidnapped Israeli soldiers are
> > released.
> >
> > This year the association honored the soldiers who fought in Lebanon and
> > Gaza last summer, delivering the message to the soldiers that "You will
> > never stand alone." During the event the group also presented its 2006
> > achievements which included raising $46m. for Israeli soldiers.
> >
> > Leading the contributions this year was Israeli-American media mogul
> > Haim Saban who pledged $3.2m. Guests at the event included Executive
> > Vice President of the Conference of Presidents of Major American Jewish
> > Organizations Malcolm Hoenlein, AIPAC President Howard Friedman,
> > President and CEO of Israel Bonds Yehoshua Matza, Nobel Peace Prize
> > Laureate Elie Wiesel, renowned Israeli performer Dudu Fisher, and
> > American businessman Donald Trump who contributed $250,000. Israel's
> > Consul General in New York Arye Mekel as well as Israel's defense
> > attache to the US Major General Dan Harel were among representatives of
> > the Israeli government at the affair.
> >
> > As in the past eight years, the dinner chairman was Benny Shabtai,
> > president of Raymond Weil, and the master of ceremony was author and
> > nationally syndicated radio host Monica Crawly.
> >





"Dan" <Danwigin2@hotmail.com> wrote in message
news:P72dnT94x_cDz8DUnZ2dnUVZ_gAAAAAA@giganews.com...

Ø      Candidate to con man
>
> Deli owner in string of scams said to be living free in Israel
> By Sara Burnett, Rocky Mountain News (Contact)
> Published December 27, 2008 at 12:05 a.m.
> Text size
>
>
> Zaler, left, checks in on his hotdog stand at Invesco Field in 2006.
>
> Zaler, left, checks in on his hotdog stand at Invesco Field in 2006.
> "Arnie" Zaler walks into federal court in Denver in March. He was charged
> with 30 counts of bank and wire fraud for a scheme involving his kosher
> hot dog company and Denver sports venues. He fled to Israel.
>
> Photo by George Kochaniec Jr. / The Rocky
>
> "Arnie" Zaler walks into federal court in Denver in March. He was charged
> with 30 counts of bank and wire fraud for a scheme involving his kosher
> hot dog company and Denver sports venues. He fled to Israel.
> More More Business
>
>     * Applications soar as 30-year mortgage falls
>     * Citigroup pledges no severance for top five executives
>     * Thousands of Zunes go on the blink
>
> More stories »
>
> Arnold Zaler stood before a federal magistrate judge on the morning of
> March 11, about to pull off one of his best scams yet.
>
> The businessman known to most as "Arnie" was charged with 30 counts of
> bank and wire fraud for a scheme involving his kosher hot dog company and
> Denver's biggest sports venues.
>
> If convicted, he faced more than 30 years in prison.
>
> The judge, with no objection from prosecutors, set Zaler's bail at
> $25,000, unsecured. Zaler could go free without posting any money or
> property, but he had to agree not to leave the state of Colorado.
>
> That same day Zaler turned over his passport and temporary travel
> documents issued by Israel, where he has told people he has dual
> citizenship.
>
> Thirteen days later, he boarded a Delta Air Lines flight in Atlanta, bound
> for Jerusalem, the FBI has since learned.
>
> Authorities here haven't seen him since.
>
> The slip didn't surprise some people who know Zaler, nor some of his
> previous victims.
>
> Since making an unsuccessful run for Denver City Council in the 1970s,
> Zaler has devised a string of creative and convincing schemes, swindling
> people out of millions of dollars, according to court records, news
> accounts and interviews.
>
> In the mid-1990s, for example, he convinced a disabled woman distraught
> over her daughter's death that he wanted to marry her. He took her for
> about $100,000, the woman told a judge in 1997.
>
> He forged a U.S. senator's signature on paperwork for business loans in
> Arizona and got his fraud trial there delayed by telling the judge his
> father had died - although he was very much alive.
>
> And upon his return to Denver after serving time in an Arizona prison,
> Zaler persuaded some of the city's brightest business minds - many of them
> fellow Jews moved by his commitment to the community - to invest in his
> latest venture.
>
> Then, using a scheme almost identical to the one that landed Zaler behind
> bars in Arizona, he scammed them to the tune of more than $2 million,
> prosecutors say.
>
> The U.S. Attorney's Office has since started the process of trying to have
> Zaler extradited from Israel to the United States, spokesman Jeff Dorsch
> ner said this week.
>
> But doing so is complicated. It requires the involvement of the Department
> of Justice, the U.S. State Department, the American Embassy in Israel and
> the Israeli government.
>
> "It's a slow process," Dorschner said.
>
> Meanwhile, sources in Israel said this week that Zaler is living free in
> Jerusalem, looking for money to open a new restaurant.
>
> Smooth operator
>
> Much of the 59-year-old Zaler's success - legitimate or not - can be
> attributed to his uncanny ability to charm.
>
> Described as an eloquent speaker who is highly personable, Zaler knew how
> to tell people just what they wanted to hear, several people close to him
> said.
>
> Among the Jewish community, he spoke fervently of his love for Israel. He
> sometimes flashed photos of himself with well-known politicians, including
> former President Jimmy Carter.
>
> He was married and divorced three times, and one news story from the 1970s
> City Council race noted he liked to wear his shirt unbuttoned and had no
> trouble picking up women.
>
> Outside the federal courthouse in Denver before his March 11 court
> appearance, Zaler said he wished he could talk about the allegations but
> that his attorney wouldn't let him.
>
> He then said he regretted that the story of his indictment had been in the
> newspaper and could be hurtful to his two children. A family member later
> said Zaler has been estranged from his kids for some time.
>
> Zaler grew up in Denver, where his grandfather ran a kosher deli for more
> than 50 years.
>
> After graduating from North High School in 1967, he went to the University
> of Colorado, where he became a leader in the left-wing group Students for
> a Democratic Society.
>
> It was a tumultuous time, and Zaler started making his first headlines -
> he faced expulsion for holding an unauthorized meeting after SDS had been
> banned from campus and led a group of students who tried to disrupt ROTC
> drills.
>
> He later left the SDS, saying he didn't agree with the violent turn it was
> taking nationally.
>
> By then Zaler had caught the politics bug. In 1974, he quit his job as a
> traveling salesman for a company that made Snoopy toys to work as an
> unpaid volunteer for Gary Hart's bid for U.S. Senate.
>
> Five years later, at just 29, he challenged a longtime city councilman
> nearly 40 years his elder for a chance to represent an east Denver
> district.
>
> During the campaign Zaler touted his role in raising money for Denver's
> Babi Yar Park, a memorial to the 100,000 people killed and dumped in a
> ravine in the Ukraine by Nazis and their collaborators. Several people
> confirmed that he did indeed raise money for the park but that his role
> was likely minor.
>
> Zaler lost the election. He soon turned his sights back to making money,
> this time in Arizona.
>
> 'Something's wrong'
>
> Zaler and his then-wife moved to the Phoenix area in the early 1980s.
>
> Looking to capitalize on the "computer revolution," they started a
company
> called Softie and began creating computer games that were educational and
> nonviolent, Zaler told The Arizona Republic. They included versions of
> Wheel of Fortune and The New York Times crossword, he said.
>
> As in Colorado, Zaler was active in the community. He started a group that
> pushed to get the state to recognize the federal Martin Luther King
> holiday, and he was a member of the Phoenix Jewish Federation.
>
> At one point his name was floated as a possible candidate for Congress.
>
> Among his connections Zaler also found investors. He told them he had more
> orders for computer games than he could fill, with companies like MTV,
> Nickelodeon and Merv Griffin Enterprises, court records show.
>
> Zaler told investors their money would finance the production of the games
> and result in quick profit.
>
> According to the The Arizona Republic, he predicted gross revenues of $5.7
> million in 1993 and $11.4 million in 1994. In reality the company was
> losing money, and sales never exceeded $500,000.
>
> Prosecutors said Zaler faked orders and befriended a manager at a local
> bank, who would vouch for the company's financial standing if any investor
> questioned it.
>
> Investors sued in 1994, and Zaler left the state, spending time in Denver
> and Israel, according to The Arizona Republic.
>
> Maricopa County prosecutors concluded the business was a pyramid scheme,
> and in 1996 Zaler was charged with more than 50 counts of fraud and other
> crimes. Authorities said he bilked at least 15 investors out of more than
> $15 million.
>
> He also was charged with selling $35,000 in fake Arizona Cardinals and
> Phoenix Suns tickets.
>
> The following year he was sentenced to 141/2 years in prison.
>
> Zaler told the judge he had been afraid to tell friends and family that he
> couldn't make the numbers, according to a newspaper account. He said he
> was a changed man.
>
> But he also implied that his investors should have been more skeptical.
>
> "Somebody should have said 'Something's wrong with this picture,' " Zaler
> said.
>
> Back in Denver
>
> With credit for time served and good behavior, Zaler was paroled in 2002.
> He returned to Denver, where he decided to get back in the old family
> business.
>
> He also began ingratiating himself back into the Denver area's Jewish
> community.
>
> The color scheme inside Zaler's Kosher Meats in Tamarac Square was blue
> and white, to show his support for Zionism, and he used the same logo his
> father and grandfather had used, according to a news story at the time.
>
> He donated gift certificates to Jewish charities, and sponsored events
> such as a Jewish family picnic and a soup kitchen to raise money to end
> hunger in Israel.
>
> In a story about the deli posted on a Web site run by the Allied Jewish
> Federation of Colorado, Zaler said at least five rabbis had announced the
> opening of his deli from the podium of their synagogues.
>
> In 2005, Zaler got a contract to open a concessions stand at the Pepsi
> Center. He also had stands at Coors Field and Invesco Field at Mile High.
>
> Zaler's contact at the Pepsi Center was a salesman named Ryan Smith, who
> worked for arena operator Kroenke Sports Enterprises.
>
> Zaler recruited Smith to help with his scam, just like he had the Arizona
> bank manager, and he turned to his friends in the Jewish community for
> capital.
>
> In a plea agreement filed this year in federal court, Smith admitted he
> and Zaler falsified purchase orders for hot dogs to be sold at the Pepsi
> Center then used the fake orders to persuade people to invest.
>
> When investors demanded more documentation, Zaler and Smith faked delivery
> confirmations and letters from higher-ranking Kroenke Sports employees,
> Smith admitted.
>
> The paperwork stated that Kroenke Sports would pay for the hot dogs up
> front, which the company does not do.
>
> When one of the investors, Jay Spivak of Spivak Funding, grew angry that
> he wasn't being paid, Zaler said he would set up a meeting with Kroenke
> Sports owner Stan Kroenke, according to the plea agreement.
>
> Zaler later lied and told Spivak that Kroenke - with whom he never spoke -
> had canceled the meeting because he needed more time to gather money,
> which was a lie.
>
> He also said Kroenke was refusing to speak to Spivak by phone.
>
> A few days later, the jig was up.
>
> One of Spivak's partners called Kroenke Sports' general counsel, who
> informed them that the company hadn't been buying hot dogs from Zaler.
>
> Spivak filed a civil lawsuit against Zaler in 2006.
>
> The following year, well-known Denver developer Jordon Perlmutter also
> sued, saying Zaler had taken him for more than $300,000.
>
> Spivak and Perlmutter declined to comment for this story.
>
> The federal indictment handed up in March accused Zaler of taking more
> than $2.2 million from investors based on the fake orders.
>
> It named Donald Slupsky and MEP Group as additional victims, and said
> Zaler also committed fraud on his own, faking orders for hot dogs at
> places such as Target and Invesco Field.
>
> Still seeking investors
>
> Smith was fired from Kroenke Sports four days after Spivak's attorney
> called the company lawyer.
>
> This year he entered a guilty plea in federal court. He was sentenced to
> five years of supervised release and ordered to pay $2 million of
> restitution.
>
> The FBI learned of Zaler's whereabouts in April after a Denver-area man
> reported that his daughter met Zaler while eating in a restaurant in a
> Jerusalem hotel.
>
> Zaler told the young woman he was "making aliya" - Hebrew for moving to
> Israel, according to an affidavit filed in federal court by an FBI agent.
>
> It's unclear whether Zaler flew to Israel using travel documents other
> than those he turned in to the court or if he used a different name.
>
> This week, two people who have met Zaler in Jerusalem told the Rocky
> Mountain News he is planning to open a restaurant there next month.
>
> One person said Zaler has befriended several wealthy businessmen and is
> trying to get them and others to invest in his latest project. Among his
> main selling point, the person said, are tales of his success in Denver.
>
> burnetts@RockyMountainNews.com or 303-954-5343
>
> Arnie Zaler timeline
>
> * 1967: Zaler graduates from North High School in Denver and enrolls at
> the University of Colorado, where he is an active member of the Students
> for a Democratic Society.
>
> * 1974: Having developed an interest in politics, Zaler quits a job as a
> salesman and goes to work on Gary Hart's U.S. Senate campaign.
>
> * 1979: Zaler runs for Denver City Council, but loses to incumbent Kenneth
> MacIntosh.
>
> * Early 1980s: After moving to Arizona, Zaler starts a software company.
> He also begins a well-publicized push for the state to recognize the
> federal Martin Luther King holiday.
>
> * 1994: Investors in the software company begin filing civil lawsuits
> against Zaler, saying they are not seeing promised returns.
>
> * 1995: Zaler is charged in Grand County with fraud by check after writing
> a bad $11,000 check to a ranch where he stayed with his girlfriend for two
> weeks. He is later arrested by the New York Port Authority.
> http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/7805075.stm
> * 1996: Arizona prosecutors charge Zaler with more than 50 counts of fraud
> and other crimes, saying his software business was a pyramid scheme.
>
> * 1997: Zaler is sentenced to 141/2 years in prison.
>
> * 2002: With credit for time served and good behavior, Zaler is released.
> He returns to Denver, where he later opens Zaler's Kosher Meats.
>
> * 2005: Zaler gets a contract to sell kosher hot dogs at the Pepsi Center.
>
> * February: Zaler is indicted on 30 counts of bank, wire and mail fraud.
> The indictment alleges he lied to investors about contracts to sell hot
> dogs at Denver sports venues.
>
> * April: A federal judge issues an arrest warrant for Zaler after an FBI
> agent says he has fled the country for Israel, in violation of his bond.
>
> http://www.rockymountainnews.com/news/2008/dec/27/candidate-to-con-man/?partner=RSS





















The fruits of war
"Serge" <serge@one.net.au> wrote in message
news:460f8d1a$0$14990$5a62ac22@per-qv1-newsreader-01.iinet.net.au...
>
> "A Reader" <nnhhytr@677hhyt.org.tw> wrote in message
> >
> > THE CONQUERORS BLOODLUST
> >
> >   'Enjoy the war - the peace is going to be terrible.' Graffiti on a
> >   Berlin wall, March 1945
>
> Live by the sword and bloody well die by the sword!
>
> Deserves the murderous bastards right.
>
>
> Hmmmm I did not know you were jewish serge. Back to the most disgusting
post I have read.


"A Reader" <nnhhytr@677hhyt.org.tw> wrote in message
news:eunaha$5g$1@news-02.connect.com.au...
> WITNESS TO HISTORY
> Michael Walsh
> CHAPTER 16
> THE CONQUERORS BLOODLUST
>
>   'Enjoy the war - the peace is going to be terrible.' Graffiti on a
Berlin
>   wall, March 1945
> As the German nation fought for its survival in a war which to quote
> Churchill,
> was necessary to 'obtain German sales markets', a bloodlust seized the
> conquerors:
> THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT:
>   "Since the end of the war about 3,000,000 people, mostly women and
> children
>   and over-aged men, have been killed in Eastern Germany and south-eastern
>   Europe; about 15,000,000 people have been deported or had to flee their
>   homesteads and are on the road. About 25% of these people, over
3,000,000
> have
>   perished.
>   "About 4,000,000 men and women have been deported to Eastern Europe as
> slaves.
>
>   "It seems that the elimination of the German population of Eastern
> Europe - at
>   least 15,000,000 people - was planned in accordance with decisions made
at
>   Yalta.
>   "Churchill had said to Mikolakczyk when the latter protested during the
>   negotiations to Moscow against forcing Poland to incorporate eastern
> Germany;
>     'Don't mind the five or more million Germans. Stalin will see to them.
> You
>     will have no trouble with them; they will cease to exist'." Senator
> Homer
>     Capehart; U.S Senate February 5th 1946
> THE AMERICANS
>   "When I said that in the end Germany would be driven into the arms of
> Soviet
>   Russia and Bolshevism, the Ambassador replied:
>     'What of it? There will not be enough Germans left when the war is
over
> to
>     be worth bolshevising'." Karl von Wiegand, April 23rd 1944 Chicago
> Herald
>     American, November 12th p.18
> THE SOVIETS
>   "The Germans are not human beings. From now on the word German means to
us
> the
>   most terrible oath. . . We shall kill.
>   "If you have not killed at least one German a day, you have wasted that
> day.
>   If you cannot kill your German with a bullet, kill him with a bayonet.
If
>   there is calm on your part of the front, or if you are waiting for the
>   fighting, kill a German in the meantime. If you kill one German, kill
> another.
>   There is nothing more amusing than a heap of German corpses."  Ilya
> Ehrenburg,
>   The Soviet Minister of Propaganda
>   "In war. . . it is a mitzvah (good deed) to kill every gentile from the
> nation
>   that is fighting the Jew, even women and children." Rabbi Ido Elba.
> Baruch,
>   The Man. The Times, 16th March 1995
> ALEXANDER SOLZHENITSYN
>   "For three weeks the war had been going on inside Germany, and all of us
> knew
>   very well that if the girls were German they could be raped and then
shot.
>   This was almost a combat distinction."
> AN EYEWITNESS ACCOUNT
> The following is an excerpt from an eyewitness's account given by Leonora
> Geier
> (born, October 22nd 1925, Sao Paulo, Brazil) to Dr. Trutz Foelsche, Ph.D,
> the
> original account of which appeared in Deutsche Nationalzeitung, No.17-65,
> p.7.
>   "On the morning of February, 16th, (1945) a Russian detachment occupied
> the
>   RAD (Reichsarbeitsdienst) camp Vilmsee near Neustettin. The Commissar
told
> me
>   in good German language that the camp was dissolved and that we, as a
unit
>   with uniforms (RAD - German Labour Service, not military uniforms),
would
> be
>   transported to a collection camp.
>   "Since I, as a Brazilian citizen, belong to an allied nation, he asked
me
> to
>   take over as a leader of the transport that went to Neustettin, into the
> yard
>   of a former iron foundry. We were about 500 girls (Maidens of the
>   Reichsarbeitsdienst - German Labour Service).
>   "He said I could come into the orderly room, which I accepted.
Immediately
> he
>   directed me to make no further contact with the other women, because
they
> were
>   members of an illegal army. On my response that this was not true, he
cut
> me
>   off with the remark that I would be shot immediately, if I would repeat
in
> any
>   form a similar statement.
>   "Suddenly I heard loud screams, and promptly, five girls were brought in
> by
>   two Red Armists. The Commissar ordered them to undress. When they, in a


> sense
>   of shame, refused to do so, he ordered me to undress them and to follow
> him
>   with the girls. We walked through the yard to the former factory
kitchen,
>   which was completely cleared out except for some tables along the window
> wall.
>   It was dreadfully cold and the unfortunate girls trembled. In the huge
> tiled
>   room several Russians waited for us who were obviously making obscene
> remarks,
>   because every word was followed by loud laughter.
>   "The Commissar then directed me to watch how one makes sissies out of
'The
>   Master Race'.
>   "Now two Poles, clad in trousers only, entered the room. At their sight
> the
>   girls cried out. Briskly, they seized the first of the two girls and
bent
> her
>   over with her back over the edge of the table until her joints cracked.
>   "I almost fainted when one of the men pulled his knife and cut off her
> right
>   breast in the presence of the other girls. I have never heard a human
> being
>   scream as desperately as this young woman. After this 'operation' both
men
>   stabbed her several times in the abdomen, accompanied again by the
howling
> of
>   the Russians
>   "The next girl cried for mercy, in vain; since she was exceptionally
> pretty. I
>   had the impression that the 'work' was carried out very slowly. The
other
>   three girls were completely broken down, cried for their mothers and
> begged
>   for a speedy death, but also fate them overtook.
>   "The last of the girls was still half a child, with barely developed
> breasts;
>   one tore the flesh literally from her ribs until the white bone
appeared.
>   "Again, five girls were brought in. This time, they had selected
> carefully.
>   All were developed and pretty. When they saw the bodies of their
> predecessors,
>   they began to cry and scream. Weak as they were, they tried to defend
>   themselves but to no avail; the Poles became more cruel every time.
>   "One of the girls, they cut open her womb and trunk over the full
length;
>   poured a can of machine oil into the mutilated body and tried to set
fire
> to
>   it. Another was shot in the genitals by a Russian, before they cut off
her
>   breasts.
>   "A great howling began when someone brought a saw from a tool box. Now,
> using
>   the saw, they set to work to tear the breasts of the girls to pieces,
> which in
>   a short period of time led to the floor being flooded with blood. A
blood
> rage
>   seized the Russians.
>   "Continuously one of them brought more and more girls.
>   "Like in a red fog, I saw the gruesome happenings again and again and I
>   perceived the inhuman screaming at the torture of their breasts and the
> loud
>   groaning at the mutilation of their private parts.
>   "When my legs failed me, I was forced into a chair. The Commissar
> persistently
>   watched me to make sure I was looking toward the torture scenes. In
fact,
> when
>   I had to vomit, they even paused with their tortures. "
>   "One girl had not undressed completely, she may have been somewhat older
> than
>   the rest of the girls who were about 17-years old. One of the torturers
> soaked
>   her bra with oil and ignited it and, while she cried out, another drove
a
> thin
>   iron rod into her vagina until it emerged at her navel
>   "In the yard they liquidated entire groups of girls, after they had
> selected
>   the prettiest ones for the torture room. The air was filled with the
death
>   cries of many hundreds of girls. But in view of what happened here, the
>   slaughter outside could be considered more humane. It was a dreadful
fact
> that
>   not one of the girls brought into the torture room lost her
consciousness.
>   "In their horror all were equal in their expressions. It was always the
> same;
>   the begging for mercy, the high-pitched scream when their breasts were
cut
> and
>   their genitals mutilated.
>   "Several times the slaughter was interrupted to sweep out the blood and
to
>   clear away the corpses.
>   "That evening I sank into a severe nerve fever. From then on I lack any
>   recollection until the moment I awoke in a military hospital. German
> troops
>   had recaptured Neustettin temporarily, and had thus liberated us. As I
> learned
>   later, approximately 2,000 girls were murdered during the first three
days
> of
>   the first round of Russian occupation." Mrs. Leonora Geier, nee Cavoa
> This documented and authoritative account was not an isolated act of
> barbarism
> carried out by Russians and Poles. It was one small incident of many
> thousands
> recorded, being part of a predetermined allied policy that had as its aim
> the
> destruction of Germany as a competitive nation; territorial dismemberment,
> deportation and genocide to reduce its population.
> POPE X11
>   "....the plight of millions who must answer to the hideous appellation
of
>   'expellees'." Pope Pius X11, October 3rd 1949 to American Congressional
>   Committee
>   "The Potsdam Conference sanctions the principle of transferment. That
is,
> the
>   elimination of minorities. It is contrary to the law of nature to remove
>   millions and millions of people from their homes." Pope X11. Observatore
>   Romano, August 1945
> ADMIRAL DANIEL LEAHY, AMBASSADOR TO THE VICHY GOVERNMENT
>   "I felt sorry for the German people. We were planning - and we had the
> force
>   to carry out our plans - to obliterate a once mighty nation. I had an
> uneasy
>   feeling that those eighty million Germans some how or other would live
to
>   fight again."
> EISENHOWER
>   "Our primary purpose is destruction of as many Germans as possible. I
> expect
>   to destroy every German west of the Rhine and within that area in which
we
> are
>   attacking."  General Eisenhower. J. Kingsley Smith (INS) Paris. February
> 24th
>   1945
> INSTITUTE OF AMERICAN ECONOMICS
>   "The sacking of Germany after her unconditional surrender will go down
in
>   history as one of the most monstrous acts of modern times. Its excess
> beggars
>   description and its magnitude defies condemnation." Ralph F. Keeling,
> Gruesome
>   Harvest, 1947. Institute of American Economics
> THE BACKGROUND TO THESE TERRIBLE DEEDS
> In the final two years of the Second World War, Communist Russia, the
United
> States and Britain were drawing up plans for the dismemberment of Europe,
> the
> amputation of 25% of German territory, and the handing over of half of
> Europe to
> the Soviet Union.
> This policy would mean the forced expulsion of 15,000,000 Germans from
their
> traditional homelands in East Prussia, Pomerania, Silesia, Eastern
> Brandenburg,
> the Sudetenland, pre-war Poland, Hungary, Rumania and Yugoslavia.
> Its purpose was to remove the 'problem of German minorities', the desire
to
> reward the USSR with territory, the destruction of Germany as a major
> European
> commercial rival to Britain and France, compensation for Poland, and the
> desire
> to punish the conquered Germans. These expulsions continued until 1949 -
> four
> years after the war formally ending.
> A BLUNDER WITHOUT EQUAL
> Posterity will probably regard the Second World War as a blunder without
> equal
> resulting in a tragedy that defies parallel, the results of which will
scar
> the
> face of humanity for all time.
> On the face of it, war had been declared for the purpose of defending,
what
> many
> agreed at the time was indefensible; Poland's continued acquisition of
> territorial booty;
>   "... that very Poland which with hyena appetite only six months before,
> joined
>   in the pillage and destruction of the Czechoslovak state." - Winston
>   Churchill, The Second World War, Vol.1, pp. 311/312
> It was a war that left Europe in ruins, millions dead, the British Empire
in
> meltdown and Britain burdened with a war debt that would keep prosperity
at
> bay
> for decades. Poland far from being freed on having served its purpose was
> handed
> over to the despotic Soviet Union, as were eleven other European nations.
> None
> of the stated aims of the war had been achieved.
> On the other hand, the real (and largely unstated) aims of the war were in
> their
> final stages. The elimination of Germany as a competitive trading nation,
> which
> by position and population threatened the interests of Britain and France.
> Germany was to be dismembered and her population reduced through
> deportation,
> mass starvation, genocide and dispersal among neighboring states.
> No right thinking person could possibly collude in such an appalling
> tragedy.
> Thus it was necessary to disguise the real aims of the war by pretence of
> defending the national integrity of a nation. To conceal the deportations,
> starvation, slavery and mass murder, and finally to cast Germany in such
an
> evil
> light that few would be prepared to defend it. This process goes on today
> and
> every day.
> ALFRED DeZAYAS
>   "It is in a sense astonishing that 34 years after the war so little is
> known
>   outside Germany about this unhappy sequel. Even less has been discussed
> about
>   the role that the United States and Great Britain played in authorizing
> the
>   expulsions." - Alfred M. DeZayas, Nemesis at Potsdam
>   "The disaster that befell this area (eastern Germany) with the entry of
> the
>   Soviet forces has no parallel in modern European experience. There were
>   considerable sections of it where, to judge by all existing evidence,
> scarcely
>   a man, woman or child of the indigenous population was left alive after
> the
>   initial passage of the Soviet forces." - George F. Kennan, Memoirs, 1967
>   Vol.1, p265
> WORKING TOGETHER IN GENOCIDE; STALIN AND CHURCHILL
>   "We were unable to go into eastern Germany because of the policies of
the
>   Russian Government, but from authentic reports received, both in person
> and
>   through the Press, conditions there, due to the policies of the Soviet
>   Government and the conduct of the Soviet armies, are horrible beyond
human
>   comprehension.
>   "In fact, by eyewitness accounts, loot, pillage, pestilence and rape,
>   wholesale murder and human suffering form one of the most terrible
> chapters in
>   human history.
>   "Words are incapable of adequately picturing conditions there. The
virtue
> of
>   womanhood and the value of human life are civilized man's most sacred
>   possessions, yet they are the very cheapest things in Russian-occupied
> Germany
>   today. . .
>   "Thousands of people have been murdered, thousands of women violated,
and
>   conditions horrible, beyond civilized human comprehension prevail."
> Senator
>   Eastland, December, 4th, Congressional Record
> FIELD MARSHALL MONTGOMERY
>   "From their behavior it soon became clear that the Russians, though a
fine
>   fighting race, were in fact barbarous Asiatics who had never enjoyed a
>   civilization comparable to that of the rest of Europe.
>   "Their approach to every problem was utterly different from ours and
their
>   behavior, especially in their treatment of women, was abhorrent to us.
In
>   certain sectors of the Russian zone there were practically no Germans
> left. .
>   . "
> INVASION FROM THE EAST
> In October, 1944, the Red Army first entered German territory - the
village
> of
> Nemmersdorf in East Prussia. What was to happen there was to be repeated
in
> thousands of villages, towns and communities throughout eastern Germany.
> This
> 'ethnic cleansing' policy carried out by Stalin with the full approval of
> both
> Winston Churchill and President Roosevelt, would result in the murder of
an
> estimated 3,000,000 German civilians.
>   "When in October, 1944, Russian units. . . broke through German defenses
> and
>   advanced as far as Nemmersdorf, they tortured civilians in many villages
> south
>   of Gumbinnen, nailed some on barn doors and shot many others. A large
> number
>   of women were raped. The Russian soldiers also shot some fifty French
>   prisoners-of-war. The effected villages were reoccupied by German forces
>   within forty-eight hours." Major-General Erich Dethleffsen, Chief of
> Staff,
>   German Fourth Army testimony to American Tribunal
> DR. HEINRICH AMBERGERr
>   "On the road through Nemmersdorf, I saw a whole trek of refugees had
been
>   rolled over by Russian tanks; not only the wagons and teams, but also a
> goodly
>   number of civilians, mostly women and children, had been squashed flat
by
> the
>   tanks. At the edge of the road and in the farm yards lay quantities of
> corpses
>   of civilians who evidently had not all been killed in the course of
> military
>   operations but rather had been murdered systematically.
>   "On the edge of the street an old woman sat hunched up, killed by a
bullet
> in
>   the back of the neck.
>   "Not far away lay a baby of only four months, killed by a shot at close
> range
>   through the forehead. . . a number of men, with no other marks of fatal
>   wounds, had been killed by blows with shovels or gun butts; their faces
> were
>   completely smashed.
>   "At least one man was nailed to a barn door.
>   "Yet, not only in Nemmersdorf itself, but also in the nearby villages
> between
>   Angerapp and Rominten similar cases were noted after these villages were
>   cleared of Russian troops.
>   "Neither in Nemmersdorf nor in the other places did I find a single
living
>   German civilian despite the fact that the Russian invasion had come as
> such a
>   surprise that no appreciable number of civilians could have fled. . . "
> Dr.
>   Heinrich Amberger
> KARL POTREK
>   "At the edge of town, on the left side of the road, stand the large inn,
>   Weisser Krug. . . in the farm yard further down the road stood a cart,
to
>   which four naked women were nailed through their hands in a cruciform
>   position.
>   "Behind the Weisser Krug towards Gumbinnen is a square with a monument
to
> the
>   Unknown Soldier. Beyond it is another large inn, Roter Krug. Near it,
> parallel
>   to the road, stood a barn and to each of its doors a naked woman was
> nailed
>   through the hands, in a crucified posture.
>   "In the dwellings we found a total of seventy-two women, including
> children
>   and one old man, 74, all dead. . . all murdered in a bestial manner,
> except
>   only for a few who had bullet holes in their necks.
>   "Some babies had their heads bashed in.
>   "In one room we found a woman, 84 years old, sitting on a sofa. . . half
> of
>   whose head had been sheared off with an axe or a spade.
>   "We carried the corpses to the village cemetery where they lay to await
a
>   foreign medical commission. In the meantime, a nurse from Insterburg
came,
> a
>   native of Nemmersdorf, who looked for her parents.
>   "Among the corpses were her mother, 72, and her father, 74, the only man
> among
>   the dead. She also established that all the dead were Nemmersdorfers. On
> the
>   fourth day the bodies were buried in two graves.
>   "Only the following day did the medical commission arrive, and the tombs
> had
>   to be reopened. This foreign commission unanimously established that all
> of
>   the women, even the woman of 84 years had been raped." Karl Potrek
>   "The women who had been surprised in the village, including several
nuns,
> had
>   been herded together by the Russians, raped and gravely abused. The
women
> had
>   been bestially stabbed or shot.
>   "The Army (Wehrmacht) immediately invited the neutral Press. Reporters
> from
>   Switzerland and Sweden as well as some Spaniards and Frenchmen from the
>   occupied parts of France came to witness the frightful scene." - Captain
> Emil
>   Herminghaus
>   "The Russians. . . swept the native population clean in a manner that
has
> no
>   parallel since the days of the Asiatic hordes." - George F. Kennan
>   "Expulsion is the method which, so far as we have been able to see, will
> be
>   the most satisfactory and lasting." - Winston Churchill, December 15th
> 1944,
>   House of Commons
>   "The transference of several millions of people would have to be
effected
> from
>   the East to the West or the North, as well as the expulsion of Germans -
>   because of what is proposed; the total expulsion of the Germans - from
the
>   area to be acquired by Poland in the West and the North." Winston
> Churchill,
>   House of Commons, December 15th 1944
> ALEXANDER SOLZHENITSYN
>   "In Allenstein, which had been taken almost without a fight, the sacking
> and
>   raping lasted for weeks."
> Dr. ALBERT SCHWEITZER
>   "The most grievous violation of the right based on historical evolution
> and of
>   any human right in general is to deprive populations of the right to
> occupy
>   the country where they live by compelling them to settle elsewhere.
>   "The fact that the victorious powers decided at the end of the Second
> World
>   War to impose this fate on hundreds of thousands of human beings, and
what
> is
>   more, in a most cruel manner, shows how little they were aware of the
>   challenge facing them, to re-establish prosperity and, as far as
possible,
> the
>   rule of law." Dr. Albert Schweitzer on receiving the Nobel Peace Prize,
> Oslo,
>   November 4th 1954
> REAR ADMIRAL HENRY C. FLANAGAN, U.S.N. Commander
>   "Had the originators of the War Crimes Trials doctrine been in any
degree
>   motivated by justice and the desire to punish the perpetrators of
extreme
>   atrocities in time of war they would have at least made some attempt to
> bring
>   to trial the hundreds of Russian officials for perpetrating the most
> heinous
>   atrocities ever afflicted upon civilized peoples, against the Poles and
>   Germans and no doubt against all other people who have at any time been
> under
>   Russian control."
> LORD CURZON
>   "A thoroughly bad and vicious solution, for which the world will pay a
> heavy
>   penalty for a hundred years to come." - Lord Curzon, British Foreign
> Minister,
>   1919 - 1924
> VICTOR GOLLANCZ
>   "If the conscience of men ever again becomes sensitive, these expulsions
> will
>   be remembered to the undying shame of all who committed or connived at
> them...
>   the Germans were expelled, not just with an absence of over-nice
> consideration
>   but with the very maximum of brutality." Our Threatened Values, 1946,
p.96
> ROBERT MURPHY
>   "Knowledge that they are the victim of a harsh political decision
carried
> out
>   with the utmost ruthlessness and disregard for the humanities does not
> cushion
>   the effect . . . it would be most unfortunate were the record to
indicate
> that
>   we are the particeps to methods we have often condemned in other
> instances." -
>   Robert Murphy, U.S. Political Adviser to Germany
> BERTRAND RUSSELL
>   "In Eastern Europe now mass deportations are being carried out by our
> allies
>   on an unprecedented scale, and an apparently deliberate attempt is being
> made
>   to exterminate many millions of Germans, not by gas, but by depriving
them
> of
>   their homes and of food, leaving them to die by slow and agonizing
> starvation.
>
>   "This is not an act of war, but as part of a deliberate policy of
> 'peace'...."
>   Bertrand Russell, The Times, October 19th 1945
>
> FLEEING THE RED ARMY
>   "Sometimes six or eight hours were necessary to cross the ice, sometimes
> even
>   longer. Exhaustion and exposure took its toll of lives, especially among
> the
>   very young and the very old. Babies froze and were left by their mothers
> on
>   the ice, old women fell from their wagons - dead.
>   "But a touch of the macabre would still be added by low-flying Russian
> planes,
>   which mercilessly machine-gunned the refugees and bombed the ice so many
a
>   wagon train sank through the broken ice and disappeared in the waters of
> the
>   Haff. Horses drowned, people drowned. It was an unimaginable trial
against
>   despair." - Alfred deZayas, Nemesis at Potsdam
> Note: The Federal Ministry for Expellees, Refugees and War Victims of the
> German
> Government holds eight volumes of 600 - 1,000 pages each, of detailed
> documentation; eye-witness accounts, many of them backed by neutral
> observers,
> which is still 'classified' and held in archives with their publication
> forbidden.
>
> ALFRED M DeZAYAS, AUTHORITY ON THE EXPULSIONS
>   "Although not officially taboo in America or Great Britain, the facts of
> the
>   German expulsion were never given adequate coverage in the Press. As a
>   consequence, most Americans and Britons do not know that there was an
>   expulsion at all, much less that western authorization of the principle
of
>   compulsory population transfers made the American and British
Governments
>   accomplices in one of the most inhuman enterprises in the history of
> Western
>   civilization."
>
> N
>
>







>>
>>                           !
>>                          /^\
>>                        /     \
>>     |               | (       ) |               |
>>    /^\  |          /^\ \     / /^\          |  /^\
>>    |O| /^\        (   )|-----|(   )        /^\ |O|
>>    |_| |-|    |^-^|---||-----||---|^-^|    |-| |_|
>>
>>          . . . .     . . .     . . .    .
>>      . .   . . .     . . .     . . .    . .
>
> They are a sick bunch of sickos that iswhy
>
> http://atheonews.blogspot.com/2009/01/summary-execution-in-southern-west-bank.html
>
> January 18, 2009
> Summary execution in southern West Bank
> Hebron / PNN - During the killing of over 1,000 Palestinians in the Gaza
> Strip and the demonstrations against them the occupation remains in the
> West Bank. This week a family lost their father in Hebron.
>
> Yasser Saqr Ismail Tameizi had his six year old son with him. They were
> working on their land in Ithna Village, west of the city.
>
> It was Tuesday morning and the 35 year old farmer's death served as a
> violent reminder, commented the Al Haq Human Rights Organization, "that
> even as Israel engages in horrific and illegal attacks against the Gaza
> Strip, its oppressive occupation policies continue to undermine the lives
> of Palestinians in the West Bank."
>
> Tameizi had an Israeli-issued permit to reach his lands that the Wall had
> divided him from. Two eyewitnesses were in an adjacent field grazing their
> cattle and Tameizi and his six year old were 500 meters east of the Wall
> which is incomplete in this area of Hebron. Instead of a 10 meter concrete
> wall, it consists of barbed wire fencing that cuts through the village.
>
> On 13 January at 11:00 am four Israeli soldiers entered Tameizi's land
> through a gate in the Wall. They told the little boy to leave, which he
> did, and one of the soldiers kicked the father. Tameizi made a move to
> defend himself and his son and two of the soldiers knocked him to the
> ground and tied his hands behind his back. He was held down on his back by
> two soldiers sitting on his stomach while the others watched.
>
> At noon an Israeli military jeep with four soldiers entered Tameizi's
> land. After 15 minutes the man was thrown, blindfolded and still
> handcuffed, into the back of the jeep.
>
> The eyewitnesses report, "The jeep then moved toward the gate, with four
> soldiers inside and the other four walking behind it."
>
> At 1:30 an Armored Personnel Carrier, arrived and still on the side of the
> Wall facing the Israeli boundaries it left after 10 minutes with the jeep
> driving quickly to Tarqumiya Checkpoint.
>
> The Palestinian Red Crescent Society reports that its Hebron branch office
> received a phone call at approximately 3:00 pm in which Israeli soldiers
> told them to pick up Tameizi who was still in their custody.
>
> He was dead before reaching the hospital.
>
> The 35 year old man had been shot and died of the bullet wound to his
> stomach which exited through his lower back. The Red Crescent said it
> indicates he was shot at point blank range most likely while sitting down
> by someone above him aiming down.
>
> Ramallah's Al Haq referred today to the severe violation of international
> law, the Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the Universal
> Declaration of Human Rights, in addition to tenets of the Geneva
> Conventions and United Nations resolutions, as a "summary execution."
>
>
>
>
>
> Carole - American propaganda
> http://www.conspiracee.com
>
>
>
> SYCOPHANTIC OBSEQUIOUS SERVILE TOADYING SUBSERVIENT GROVELLING FAWNING
> GROUPIE, LACKEY,
>
> BUSH PARDONS HIMSELF
>
> http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jHQ7Prwh7Gc
>
>
>
> http://www.youtube.com/user/SoFlaPatriot
>
> (See also: http://illegalillegals.com/)
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
> "Lazarus Cain" <rspeaking@aol.com  wrote in message
> news:0d8c8565-15b5-445d-b47d-8b8cb5b1423b@g1g2000pra.googlegroups.com...
>
> 1        On 5 November the Israeli government sealed all the ways into and
> out
>  of Gaza. Food, medicine, fuel, parts for water and sanitation
>  systems,
>  fertiliser, plastic sheeting, phones, paper, glue, shoes and even
>  teacups are no longer getting through in sufficient quantities or at
>  all. According to Oxfam only 137 trucks of food were allowed into
>  Gaza
>  in November.
>
>  The technique of laying siege in this manner violates UN mandates went
>  out witht he dark ages, but I suppose it is approved by Bush and
>  Cheney as "OK torture" so Israel getss the green light,to do this to
>  the "enemy" . UN mandates only apply if approved by Bush anyway. Got
>  to do it while they still have some one in the White house they can
>  count on. All this instigation ought to provoke soemone to "committing
>  terror" and then getting themselves trounced on by US missiles so as
>  to defend Israel, and we all can enjoy a nice "prosperous" war
>  somewhere, further enriching someone while further impoverishing the
>  other..
>
>  Israel's performance is fueling the cause of what Mr Bush calls
>  "terrorism".
>  According to Mr Bush and his Isreali friends  the Gazans needs to be
>  punished until they reform, and depriving them of food, water and
>  medicine is a good way of teacing them to behave or else.
>  We'll starve their children until they behave...I suppose that is the
>  idea.
>  It borders on child abuse on the order of a few hundred thousand.
>  Or is it..the situation is so out of control now..that there is no
>  solution possible anymore....without a drastic change.
>  We can expect to see nuclear retaliation in an indirect manner because
>  of the West's and/or Israel's callous inhumanity to a general civilian
>  poplulation....pretending to be agents of God,peace and democracy, but
>  actually wolves in sheeps clothing
>  Mr G.W.Bush's irresponisbility will be assigned as the cause of any
>  wars over the next 40 days and nights..
>  How is it that collateral damage from unjust policies  murdering the
>  poor is not terrorism , but attacking the wealthy and powerful is?
>  Hostile death dealing exchanges are  caused by instigated instability.
>  Man's ego and pride invites disaster to the world.
>  It seems that neglect has allowed situation to escalate out of
>  control.
>  We would wish it would it be true that these visons of what is likely
>  to ocur are false, and so do  I, but that is wishful thinking, is it
>  not?
>  Bush fiddles while the  economy collapses and wars  start.
>  We all know he loves the  music of the epic song and dance act  he
>  composes.
>  Visions come true, because there is no proof to sway the skeptics to
>  avoid predicted disasters....hence visions can actually be signs of
>  traumatic things to come at times...they are subconscious warnings to
>  the God-fearing mind.
>  Without proof, there is no way to convince one to avoid disater,
>  especially if one does not wish to open the mind to the possibility,
>  for fear of being proven wrong..
>  Such people learn and die the hard way.
>
>  Just as Mr Bush allowed Israel to destroy Lebanon, he will stand by
>  approving the death and destruction delivered to Gaza by Israel.
>  The rest of the world feasts , parties and stands by to ignore the
>  tragedy as it unfolds
>  and when the dam breaks they wonder why they could not see it coming.
>  These acts by Israel breed a lot of hatred of towards the West.
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
> "HHW" <coaster132000@yahoo.com  wrote in message
> news:9d38d886-d4f7-47ae-9080-5bdded32fcc7@b41g2000pra.googlegroups.com...
>
> 1
>  Zionist Transfer Policy (By Benny Morris)
>
>  Another crucial precondition was the penchant among Yishuv leaders to
>  regard transfer as a legitimate solution to the "Arab problem."
>  Recently declassified Zionist documents demonstrated the virtual
>  consensus emerged among the Zionist leadership, the the wake of the
>  publication in July 1937 of the Peel Commission recommendations, in
>  favor of the transfer of at least several hundred thousand Palestinian
>  Arabs--if not all of them-- out of the areas of the Jewish state-to-
>  be. The tone was set by Ben-Gurion himself in June 1938:
>
>  "I support compulsory [Palestinian Arab population] transfer. I do not
>  see in it anything immoral."
>
>  Ben-Gurion's views did not change--though he was aware of the need,
>  for a tactical reasons, to be discreet. In 1944, at a meeting of the
>  Jewish Agency Executive discussing how the Zionist movement should
>  deal with the British Labor Party decision to recommend the transfer
>  of Palestinian Arabs, he said:
>
>  "When I heard these things. . . I had to ponder the matter long and
>  hard ....[but] I reached the conclusion that this matter [had best]
>  remain [in the Labor Party Program] . . . Were I asked what should be
>  our program, it would not occur to me to tell them transfer . . .
>  because speaking about the matter might harm [us] . . . in world
>  opinion, because it might give the impression that there is no room in
>  the Land of Israel without ousting the Arabs [and] . . . it would
>  alert and antagonize the Arabs . . ."
>
>  Ben-Gurion added,
>
>  "The transfer of Arabs is easier than the transfer of any other
>  [people]. There are Arabs states around . . . And it is clear that if
>  the [Palestinian] Arabs are transferred this would improve their
>  situation and not the opposite."
>
>  None of the members of the Executive opposed or questioned these
>  views; most spoke in favor. Moshe Sharett, director of the Jewish
>  Agency's Political Department, declared:
>
>  "Transfer could be the crowning achievements, the final stage in the
>  development of [our] policy, but certainly not the point of departure.
>  By [speaking publicly and prematurely] we could mobilizing vast forces
>  against the matter and cause it to fail, in advance."
>
>  And he added:
>
>  "[W]hen the Jewish state is established--it is very possible that the
>  result will be transfer of Arabs."
>
>  On February 7, 1948, three months into the war, Ben-Gurion told
>  Mapai's Central Committee that in Jerusalem's Western neighborhoods,
>  from which the Arabs had fled or been expelled, he had seen:
>
>  "no strangers [Palestinian Arabs]. Not since Jerusalem's destruction
>  in the days of the Romans has it been so Jewish. . . . I do not assume
>  this will change. . . . And what happened in Jerusalem . . . could
>  well happen in great parts of the country . . if we hold one, it is
>  very possible that in coming six to eight or ten months of the war
>  there will take place great changes. . . . Certainly there will be
>  great changes in the composition of the population of the country."
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
> LINKS THAT WERE BROKEN
>
> 2 SNOWY HAIRED 7 AND 8 YEAR OLD KIDS , A GIRL AND A BOY PLAYING IN THE
> CONFUSION THAT WAS EUROPE  DURING WWII CAME ACROSS A LARGE BLACK MAN
> SITTING VERY QUIETLY AND STARTED TO SPEAK TO HIM AND PLAYFULLY TOUCH HIM.
>
> HE CAME TO LIFE AND CHASED THEM OFF STILL NOT MOVING JUST BY YELLING AND
> WAVING HIS ARMS. THE KIDS MOVED TO WHAT THEY THOUGHT WAS A SAFE DISTANCE
> STILL TEASING HIM AS PLAYFUL STUPID 7 AND 8 YEAROLDS WILL.
>
> THEN THE MAN HAVING APPARENTLY FRIGHTENED THEM OF TO A SAFE DISTANCE BLEW
> UP INTO THE AIR SO FRIGHTENING THE 2 KIDS THEY RAN OF IN A PANIC TO TELL
> THEIR MOTHER WHO WAS RESTING WITH OTHER REFUGEES .
>
>
>
> THAT WAS THE LAST OF THE INCIDENT FOR THE KIDS ANYWAY TILL I WAS TALKING
> TO THE RELATIVES NOW GROWN UP ADULTS AND REALISED WHAT HAD POSSIBLY
> HAPPENED.
>
>
>
> WITH  AN EXSERVICEMAN FATHER THERE WAS ONE LANDMINE IN WWII THAT I BELIEVE
> YOU KNEW YOU HAD TRIGGERED WHEN YOU HEARD THE CLICK. THE NEXT SOUND YOU
> KNEW YOU WOULD HEAR WOULD BE THE EXPLOSION WHICH WOULD IN ALL  PROBABILITY
> KILL YOU.
>
>
>
> THAT IS ONE OF A THOUSAND STORIES THAT SHOULD HAVE CEMENTED RELATIONS
> BETWEEN AMERICANS AND EUROPEANS IN THAT A LOT OF THE AMERICAN SERVICEMEN
> TOOK HOME WIVES  FROM EUROPE CEMENTED ON DANGEROUS MEETINGS LIKE THAT
> DESCRIBED ABOVE THAT MIGHT HAVE SAVED THE SERVICEMANS LIFE.
>
>
>
> HOWEVER THE FIRST TING THE EUROPEAN FOUND ON ARRIVING IN ANY OF THE
> WESTERN DEMOCRACIES  WAS THAT  THE WATER HAD BEEN NICELY MUDDIED SO THAT
> WHEN YOU INNOCENTLY CAME OUT WITH THE TRUTH AS YOU KNEW IT IN EUROPE
> HAVING LIVED THROUGH IT, YOU WERE TOLD THAT YOU DID NOT KNOW WHAT YOU WERE
> TALKING ABOUT AND HAD BEEN BRAINWASHED BY THE NAZIS BECAUSE THE JEWISH
> GROCERS AUNTY TOLD HER ALL ABOUT WHAT REALLY HAPPENED .
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
> Carole - American propaganda
> http://www.conspiracee.com
>
>
>
> A key piece of Holocaust evidence is the "confession" of former Auschwitz
> commandant Rudolf Höss. In a sworn statement, and in testimony before the
> Nuremberg Tribunal on April 15, 1946, he declared that between May 1940
> and
> December 1943, while he was Commandant of the camp complex, "at least two
> and a half million victims were executed and exterminated there by gassing
> and burning," and that "at least another half million succumbed to
> starvation and disease, making a total dead of about three million" during
> that period alone. [7] Although it is still widely cited as solid proof
> for
> the Auschwitz extermination story, this "confession" is actually a false
> statement that was obtained by torture.
>
> Many years after the war, British military intelligence sergeant Bernard
> Clarke described how he and five other British soldiers tortured the
> former
> commandant to obtain his "confession." Höss himself privately
explained
> his
> ordeal in these words: "Certainly, I signed a statement that I killed two
> and half million Jews. I could just as well have said that it was five
> million Jews. There are certain methods by which any confession can be
> obtained, whether it is true or not." [8]
>
>
> Palestinian prisoners
> http://english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/93C55FF6-C6D3-491F-9E67-48AEDEFFB4A6.htm
> Thursday 04 December 2003, 19:15 Makka Time, 16:15 GMT
> A woman holds portraits of her relatives who are in Israeli jails
>
>
>
>
>
> http://www.geocities.com/truth4ever123/21.htm
>
> Israel claims that what she does to the Palestinian authority is a self
> defense war against terrorism .
> The truth:
>
> http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1055574.html
>
> AND THEY GIVE THEMSELVES MEDALS FOR THIS??
>
>      The IDF has no mercy for the children in Gaza nursery schools
>
>
>
>      By Gideon Levy, Haaretz Correspondent
>
>
> The fighting in Gaza is "war deluxe." Compared with previous wars, it is
> child's play - pilots bombing unimpeded as if on practice runs, tank and
> artillery soldiers shelling houses and civilians from their armored
> vehicles, combat engineering troops destroying entire streets in their
> ominous protected vehicles without facing serious opposition.
>
>
> 1) in 18 April 2002 the Jewish '' Gerald Kovman '' lead a massive attack
> on the Israeli prime minister confirming that he and his army committed
> war crimes in Palestinian lands saying the deeds of Sharon bleach the with
> blood and described the Israeli army actions as barbarian . also ''Ann
> Claude '' work party - just arriving from Jenin - asked the world leaders
> to impose punishment on Israel and prohibit selling weapons to it .Also
> she told the members examples of the sad stories she heard in the camp
>
>
> 2) in Feb. 2002 the Israeli journalist David Forman said that '' the
> demolition and destruction of Palestinians houses keeps tens of people
> homeless in freezing nights , is a process that lack mercy and unrelated
> to security or capturing the people who kill Israeli soldiers .
>
> 3) the ex work minister '' Norbert bloom '' in a statement for him in June
> 2002 to Sturn magazine the operations of the Israeli army in Palestine
> land does not appear as anti-terrorism activities but operations its
> purpose the elimination of people also said that Anti-Semitism is the
> baton used in Germany to kill any sounds that clear the picture of human
> rights violation Israel commits.
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
> "jgarbuz" <jgarbuz@netzero.com  wrote in message
> news:2c1d2ceb-0da6-436a-9091-1bc9eb7231fa@a17g2000prm.googlegroups.com...
> On Nov 18, 4:43 pm, Peace Power <anamin...@gmail.com  wrote:
>  On Nov 18, 1:39 pm, "Kurt Knoll" <kno...@citywest.ca  wrote:
>
>    You will never see anything like this in a western news paper and
>    certainly
>    not without the holocaust permission.
>    Kurt Knoll.
>
>  Ain't that the truth!
>
>    "Peace Power" <anamin...@gmail.com  wrote in message
>
>   news:c6e7c543-2139-4563-b0ab-45bcbad31a6c@v5g2000prm.googlegroups.com...
>    The San Diego Tribune
>    Remembering the Palestinian Nakba
>
>    Nearly 30 years since she had seen her Northern Galilee home in what
>    she called "48 Palestine," Rasmiya Barghouti was finally given a
>    permit by the Israeli military authorities to visit. She decided to
>    take two of her daughters and four of her grandchildren with her.
>
>    It took less than three hours to reach Safad, renamed Tsvat by Israel
>    after 1948. The van stopped in front of the white stone home that held
>    her childhood memories. She proceeded to the familiar metal door,
>    where she knocked. A large eastern European woman opened the door; the
>    two argued. Rasmiya returned to the van, her hardened face wet with
>    tears. Her only words were: "She wouldn't let me in! She still has the
>    same curtains I made with my mother."
>
>    They proceeded in silence, as she wept discretely, to lunch at a hotel
>    on Lake Tiberias where her youngest grandchild grew hyper. Instead of
>    imposing her usual military-style discipline on the child, she
>    encouraged him to splatter water and make even "more noise" - a shock
>    to the rest of the family.
>
>    The Israeli waiter hurriedly came to the table demanding, in Hebrew,
>    they stop the raucous behavior. It was then that her defiance exploded
>    into cursing the waiter in Arabic. "We can do whatever we please! This
>    is my father's hotel!" she yelled. Until that moment, her children and
>    grandchildren had been sheltered from knowing anything about her dear
>    loss.
>
>    The rage of this Palestinian woman was born out of seeing her
>    childhood home, from which she was forced to leave in 1948, now
>    occupied by a stranger who would not even allow her in. She'd seen her
>    father's hotel, which he was never allowed to vacate, taken over by
>    strangers. For the first time since her violent dispossession in 1948,
>    she was allowed to visit her homeland, but not to return. Because
>    millions of other Palestinian refugees are denied even such a visit,
>    Rasmiya was considered "lucky."
>
>        While Israel celebrates 60 years since its establishment,
>    Palestinians everywhere commemorate the
"Nakba"("Catastrophe" in
>    Arabic) that befell them after armed Jewish militia raided their homes
>    and expelled them.
>
>    The exclusionary Zionist vision of creating a Jewish state in
>    Palestine meant the elimination of the indigenous, "non-Jewish"
>    population. In his book, "The Ethnic Cleansing of Palestine,"
>    Israelihistorian Ilan Pappe writes: " . . . on 10 March 1948 . . .
>    veteran
>
>    Zionist leaders together with young military Jewish officers, put the
>    final touches to a plan for the ethnic cleansing of Palestine."
>
>        Thus the Palestinians had become the victims of the victims of
>    Europe.
>
>    Ilan Pappe explains how Jewish militias, the future armed forces of
>    the state of Israel, carried out a plan of large-scale intimidation
>    and siege, setting fires to Palestinian homes, planting mines,
>    destroying more than 500 villages, and exercising other terrorist
>    activities. In the end, nearly 800,000 Palestinians were forced out of
>    their homes and into refugee camps in Gaza, the West Bank, Jordan,
>    Lebanon, Syria, Egypt and elsewhere.
>
>    Rasmiya's family was among this wave of refugees. This massive ethnic
>    cleansing completed the first phase of the compulsory "transfer" that
>    the founder of Israel, David Ben-Gurion, advocated in his address to
>    the Jewish Agency Executive as early as 1938. Thus the Palestinians
>    had become the victims of the victims of Europe.
>
>    Ten years ago, the late Edward Said commented on the "Israel at 50"
>    celebrations: "I still find myself astonished at the lengths to which
>    official Israel and its supporters will go to suppress the fact that a
>    half century has gone by without Israeli restitution, recognition or
>    acknowledgment of Palestinian human rights . . . the Palestinian Nakba
>    is characterized as a semi-fictional event . . . caused by no one in
>    particular."
>
>    The same stubborn refusal to recognize the Palestinian Nakba
>    characterizes the "Israel at 60" celebrations in the U.S. media today.
>    For Palestinians, denial of the Nakba is tantamount to denying the
>    Holocaust for Jews.
>
>    Remembering the Nakba is even more compelling given what former
>    President Jimmy Carter describes as an apartheid-like system that
>    Israel has built to entangle the Palestinians in a seemingly endless
>    cycle of hopelessness and violence. Israel still denies millions of
>    Palestinian refugees their U.N.-sanctioned right to go back to their
>    homes simply because they are not Jewish. Israel continues its 41-year-
>    old military occupation of the West Bank, East Jerusalem and the Golan
>    Heights. Israel continues to impose its savage blockade on the Gaza
>    strip. Israel continues to build its illegal wall and settlements on
>    occupied Palestinian land. And Israel continues to treat its own "non-
>    Jewish" population as second-class citizens.
>
>    Can any conscientious person, then, celebrate Israel at 60?
>
>    When Israel has made reparations for its shameful past; when it has
>    conformed to international law and universal human rights; when it has
>    ended its brutal oppression of the indigenous people of Palestine; and
>    when it has allowed Palestinians to practice their right to self-
>    determination on their own land, we can all celebrate. Then, even
>    Rasmiya's descendants may celebrate.
>
>   http://attendingtheworld.wordpress.com/2008/05/07/victims-of-the-vict...
>
> I tried to register at the above website, but I could find no place
> where to do so, and I couldn't log in if I hadn't registered. Can
> someone tell me where to register for this raghead website?
>
> Here, oh stupid one.
>
>
http://attendingtheworld.wordpress.com/wp-login.php?redirect_to=http://attendingtheworld
.wordpress.com/not-so-cool-facts-about-israel/
>
> I look forward to seeing your diatribes.
>
>
>
>
>
> http://video.google.ca/videosearch?q=TALMUD+2009&hl=en&emb=0#
>
>
http://video.google.ca/videosearch?q=TALMUD+2009&hl=en&emb=0#q=TALMUD+2009&h
l=en&emb=0&start
>
>
>
> http://video.google.ca/videoplay?docid=-6657600254881054584&hl=en#
>
>
http://video.google.ca/videoplay?docid=-6657600254881054584&hl=en#docid=-75966969796
13707948
>
>
http://video.google.ca/videoplay?docid=-6657600254881054584&hl=en#docid‘589275959014
53001
>
> http://video.google.ca/videosearch?q=TALMUD+2009&hl=en&emb=0#
>
>
>
>
>
> HAVE WE JOINED THE GUTLESS POLS AND ACADEMICS IN OUR COUNTRY?
>
>
>
> AND THESE GUTLESS ACADEMICS  IN NOT QUESTIONING  ARE SUPPORTING THE LIES
> AND PROPAGANDA SPREAD BY ZIONISTS / ISRAEL AND
>  SUPPORTERS WHO BY THE WAY ARE NOT EITHER LOYAL CITIZENS TO OUR WESTERN
> DEMOCRACIES OR HONEST MEN/WOMEN TO SUPPORT SUCH  LIES.
>
> ACADEMICS BY THEIR SILENCE ALLOWING  THESE FRAUDS TO ENJOY A GOOD LIVING
> ON THESE LIES AND BY THEIR INACTION PERSECUTING  HONEST ACADEMICS SIMPLY
> FOR EXPOSING THE TRUTH.
>
> Casualties in WW2
> Not including the documented  5 million non Jewish  in concentration camps
> who far out numbered the suspected true number  (700,000 ODD) of Jewish
> victims. And this is without lies and exaggerations about non jewish
> cassualities. And freedom for any historian or amateur history buff to
> examine and point out flaws without fear of castigation or jail terms.
>
> And no one is going around asking for special favors and sympathy because
> of these immense casualities. And certainly don't look like getting
> anything from jewish interests who by lies have swollen their numbers to
> higher than these. AND BEGGED ALL SORTS OF FAVORS AND REPARATIONS WITH
> THOSE EXAGERATED FIGURES. WHILE USING THEIR STORIES TO CAUSE AN IMMENSE
> SPLIT BETWEEN NON JEWS IN EUROPE AND AMERICA.
>
> WHILE OF COURSE QUITE FREE THEMSELVES TO ASSOCIATE WITH THEIR FELLOW JEWS
> IN Germany, EUROPE AND ARAB COUNTRIES.
>
>
>
>
>
> Soviet Union 25,568,000
> China 11,324,000
> Germany 7,060,000
> Poland 6,850,000
> Japan 1,806,000
> Yugoslavia 1,700,000
> Rumania 985,000
> France 810,000
> Austria 525,000
> Italy 410,000
> Great Britain 388,000
> USA 295,000
> Holland 250,000
> Belgium 85,000
> Finland 79,000
> Canada 42,000
> India 36,000
> Australia 29,000
> Albania 28,000
> Spain 22,000
> Bulgaria 21,000
> New Zealand 12,000
> Norway 10,000
> South Africa 9,000
> Luxembourg 5,000
> Denmark 4,000
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
> Fees for evac.
>
> http://www.cnn.com/2006/WORLD/meast/07/18/lebanon.evacuation/
>
>
>
> Right-Wing Attacks American Evacuees: 'Ingrates,' 'Whining,'
> 'Spoiled-Rotten Little Children'  Not that the right wing is heavily
> populated by jews/zionists
> Israel's original sin
> http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/Aug102005/editpage162334200589.asp
>
> http://www.britains-smallwars.com/Palestine/kidnap.htm
>
>
>
> "At a daily rate of $8.10, hospitalized troops, including those wounded in
> Iraq and Afghanistan, are being charged for their meals
>
> http://www.antiwar.com/barganier/ba091503.html
>
>
>
>
>
> UN urges Israel halt 'violations'
>
> http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/5154594.stm
>
>
>
> GENEVA - A UN human rights expert on Wednesday criticized the United
> States, European Union, Russia and the United Nations for ignoring
> countless Israeli violations of human rights, international law and other
> standards.
>
> http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/735109.html
>
>
>
>
>
> Apparently they should be as happy as they are that their fellow israelis
> are bombing them. The chickenhawks now showing their brave side.
>
> http://pseudojournalist.blogspot.com/2006/07/americans-trapped-in-lebanon.html
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
> The Bush administration's evacuation of Americans in Lebanon has been
> disorganized and lagged behind the efforts of other countries. As of
> yesterday, only a few thousand had been able to evacuate, and they
> departed "two days after the first Europeans left on ships." Denmark, for
> example, "evacuated more than 4,000 of its citizens" by Thursday.
>
> Conservatives have reacted to this incompetence by attacking the evacuees:
>
> http://thinkprogress.org/2006/07/21/right-wing-evacuees/
>
> http://gmroper.mu.nu/archives/187407.php
>
> http://newsblogs.chicagotribune.com/news_theswamp/2006/07/americans_trapp.html
>
> http://pseudojournalist.blogspot.com/2006/07/americans-trapped-in-lebanon.html
>
>
>
> KILLINGS AT A BEACH PICNIC.
>
>
http://www.ogrish.com/archives/israeli_artillery_kills_seven_members_of_a_palestinian_fa
mily_Jun_10_2006.html
>
>
>
> Lebanon
>
> http://lebanonheartblogs.blogspot.com/2006/07/warning-strong-pictures.html
>
>
>
>
>
> "At a daily rate of $8.10, hospitalized troops, including those wounded in
> Iraq and Afghanistan, are being charged for their meals
>
> http://www.antiwar.com/barganier/ba091503.html
>
>
>
>
>
> UN urges Israel halt 'violations'
>
> http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/5154594.stm
>
>
>
> GENEVA - A UN human rights expert on Wednesday criticized the United
> States, European Union, Russia and the United Nations for ignoring
> countless Israeli violations of human rights, international law and other
> standards.
>
> http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/735109.html
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
> http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/14029827/
>
> BEIRUT, Lebanon - An Israeli bomb destroyed a U.N. observer post on the
> border in southern Lebanon Tuesday, killing three observers and leaving
> another feared dead,
>
>
>
> http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1947UN181.html
>
> Resolution 181
> http://www.mideastweb.org/181.htm
>
>
>
> xxxxx
>
> VIOLATIONS OF AGREEMENTS IN GAZA BOTTOM.
>
>
>
> "Surfer" <no@spam.net  wrote in message
> news:prnrp41aal6pn41va5gva0pei85tr83be3@4ax.com...
>  Article 51: Israel's false claim
>  Reza Nasri
>  17 - 02 - 2009
>
>  Both opponents and supporters of Israel's attacks on Gaza fail to see
>  how deep its breach of international law and norms really runs
>  http://www.opendemocracy.net/article/email/article-51-israels-false-claim
>
>  Israel claims that its recent attacks on Gaza are justified under
>  international law. In doing so, it invokes Article 51 of the UN
>  charter
>  http://www.un.org/aboutun/charter/chapter7.shtml
>  which clearly recognizes the right to self-defence as an "inherent"
>  right of States. In a statement made before the Security Council
>
>
http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Foreign+Relations/Israel+and+the+UN/Speeches+-+statements/Stat
ement_Amb_Shalev_UN_Security_Council_31-Dec-2008
>  at the outset of the latest hostilities, Israel's Ambassador to the
>  United Nations, Gabriela Shalev, clearly invoked Article 51 by
>  claiming that:
>
>  "In its military operation, Israel exercised its inherent right to
>  self-defence, enshrined in Article 51 of the United Nations Charter.
>  Any other State would have acted in the same manner faced with similar
>  terrorist threats."
>
>  Later on, the Permanent mission of Israel reiterates this position in
>  a letter addressed to the Secretary General.
>
>
http://domino.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/59c118f065c4465b852572a500625fea/626086b0d0adccbb852575
380059d4e7%21OpenDocument
>  Once again, Israel officially claims that:
>
>  "In response to Hamas' continuous terrorist attacks, Israel has been
>  acting in accordance with its inherent right to self-defence enshrined
>  in Article 51 of the Charter of the United Nations."
>
>  To counter Israel's assertion, opponents argue that the right to
>  self-defence - while being an inherent right of States - is subject to
>  the customary rules of proportionality and necessity. They note that
>  Israel's massive military operations in Gaza do not meet these two
>  conditions (the military operations are excessively violent compared
>  to the alleged attacks that provoked them) and conclude that they are
>  therefore illegal under international law.
>
>  In my opinion, both sides miss a crucial point.
>
>
>  Non-applicability of Article 51 in occupied territories
>
>  The right to self-defence - as recognized by Article 51 of the Charter
>  - is a right attributable to "States" only in their
"international"
>  relations. A State is allowed to recourse to self-defence if it is
>  subject to another State's unlawful use of force. The situation must
>  involve:
>
>  a) An armed attack (of sufficient gravity);
>
>
http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/index.php?p1=3&p2=3&kf&casep&code=nus&
p3&PHPSESSIDw0100a1728e2520992f556096d06e03
>
>  b) Conducted between States (or from one State territory) - as main
>  subjects of international law;
>
>  c) And be of an international character.
>
>  Article 51 does not apply to a situation that involves an Occupying
>  Power (the State of Israel) acting within occupied territories under
>  its own authority and responsibility. In legal terms, Israel cannot
>  invoke the right to self-defence under Article 51 to justify the use
>  of military force in territories on which Israel itself exercises
>  effective control, at least since 1967. (Although Israel withdrew its
>  troops from Gaza under the "disengagement plan" in 2005, Israel's
>  relocation of its troops from the occupied land does not end its
>  status as the "Occupying power". Israel continuously maintained
>  control over Gaza's borders, air and sea space, water, electricity,
>  sewage and telecommunication systems and because of that, Gaza remains
>  an occupied territory as defined in international law. In fact, UN
>  Security Council resolution 1860 issued on January 8, 2009 clearly
>  notes that: "the Gaza Strip constitutes an integral part of the
>  territory occupied in 1967".)
>
> http://daccessdds.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N09/204/32/PDF/N0920432.pdf?OpenElement
>
>  Indeed, it would be inconceivable for most of us to imagine any other
>  country barricading a city or a district within a territory under its
>  own watch, then use F-16 fire jets, high-tech Cobra helicopters,
>  ground troops, cluster bombs, white phosphorus and depleted uranium
>  ammunition, killing thousands of its inhabitants under the pretext of
>  combating, for instance, street gang criminality. It would be even
>  more absurd if that country justified all that by invoking an
>  extraneous right under the UN Charter. Yet, this is exactly what
>  Israel has done in Gaza.
>
>  Palestine (Gaza strip and the West Bank) is not yet considered an
>  independent sovereign State - especially not by Israel. The swath of
>  land known as "Palestine" (which encompasses Gaza) is an inhabited
>  territory under Israeli mandate and occupation since 1967. For Israel
>  to become entitled to invoke Article 51 of the UN Charter (which is a
>  multilateral inter-state treaty) and benefit from its relevant rules
>  of self-defence, Israel needs at least to recognize that it is dealing
>  with another "State" (be it a State that directly commits armed
>  attacks against Israel or a State whose territory is being used by an
>  autonomous hostile group to mount attacks against Israel). But Israel
>  cannot persistently rebuff Palestine's Statehood on one hand, and, on
>  the other hand, treat Palestine as a State whenever it needs to
>  utilise the Charter to legitimise its use of force against.
>
>  In other words, Israel's self-defence argument entails the
>  precondition of recognising Palestinian Statehood; while not doing so
>  entails setting the Charter's legal subterfuges aside and solely
>  complying with the strictures of Humanitarian law (especially the
>  Geneva Conventions) regarding occupation.
>
>  The world court's position
> 
http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/index.php?p1=3&p2=4&code=mwp&case1&kZ
>
>  In its July 2004 advisory opinion on the Legal Consequences of the
>  Construction of a Wall, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) had
>  already established the non-applicability of "self-defence" under
>  Article 51 in the situation between Israel and the Occupied
>  Territories (a key point that most commentators seem to have
>  forgotten). Just as it claims today, Israel had argued in the Wall
>  case that the construction of a wall around the West Bank was an act
>  of self-defence consistent with Article 51 of the Charter. According
>  to Israel, Article 51 supported its right to build the wall to protect
>  itself against terrorist attacks emanating from the occupied
>  territories.
>
>  But the Court dismissed this argument as follows:
>  http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/files/131/1687.pdf
>
>  "Article 51 of the Charter thus recognizes the existence of an
>  inherent right of self-defence in the case of armed attack by one
>  State against another State. However, Israel does not claim that the
>  attacks against it are imputable to a foreign State. The Court also
>  notes that Israel exercises control in the Occupied Palestinian
>  Territory and that, as Israel itself states, the threat which it
>  regards as justifying the construction of the wall originates within,
>  and not outside, that territory. [...] Consequently, the Court
>  concludes that Article 51 of the Charter has no relevance in this
>  case" (emphasis added by author).
>
>  A fortiori, the Court's position is also valid regarding the recent
>  situation in Gaza.
>
>  In fact, there seems to be a growing consensus among prominent
>  international law experts regarding the issue. In a document entitled
>  "The Chatham House Principles of International Law on the Use of Force
>  in Self-Defence", the Royal Institute of International Affairs also
>  confirmed the non-applicability of Article 51 by stressing that
>  "unless an attack is directed from outside territory under the control
>  of the defending State, the question of self-defence in the sense of
>  Article 51 does not normally arise".
>
>  The impermissible confusion: Jus ad bellum vs Jus in bello
>
>  The law of the use of force is composed of two distinct branches:
>
>  a) the law governing the recourse to force (jus ad bellum) and;
>
>  b) the law governing the conduct of hostilities (jus in bello).
>
>  The first set of laws refers to the reasons States may invoke to
>  justify war, while the second set governs the means they may adopt in
>  executing war or the way they should act in a post-war situation, such
>  as occupation. The jus ad bellum rules are mostly enshrined in the UN
>  Charter (i.e. article 2(4) and article 51), while the jus in bello
>  rules are mostly to be found in the four Geneva Conventions, the Hague
>  regulations and relevant customary norms. Self-defence logically
>  belongs to the realm of jus ad bellum while "occupation" is naturally
>  governed by the jus in bello.
>
>  As Georges Abi-Saab - Professor Emeritus at the Graduate Institute of
>  International Studies in Geneva - explained in his oral pleading
>  before the ICJ in the wall case:
>
>  "[S]elf-defence does not belong to international humanitarian law or
>  the jus in bello, but to the jus ad bellum [the branch of law that
>  defines the legitimate reasons a State may engage in war]. Israel
>  makes here an impermissible confusion between the two branches of the
>  law of war that have to be kept radically apart".
>
>  As it did in the wall case, Israel still attempts to sustain that
>  confusion, for good reason.
>
>  Israel has already exhausted its right to self-defence when it
>  pre-emptively seized the West Bank and Gaza from neighbouring
>  belligerent States in an international conflict in 1967. Since then,
>  the only set of laws that govern the Israeli-Palestinian situation is
>  the customary and treaty-based norms of "Humanitarian law" that
>  regulate occupation (Jus in bello). According to the applicable law,
>  Israel is not only proscribed from harming the inhabitants of these
>  territories, but it is obliged to ensure their safety and security
>  (Article 43 of The Hague regulations). Israel is also under the
>  obligation to provide protection to their private properties (Arts. 46
>  and 47 of the Fourth Geneva convention), and to keep intact their
>  "public buildings, real estate, forests and agricultural estates"
>  (Art. 55 of the Fourth Geneva convention).
>
>  Israel's recent massive bombardments and use of heavy artillery
>  against Gaza cannot be reconciled with these obligations. In fact,
>  Israel's recent actions constitute, under Article 147 of the Fourth
>  Convention, as well as Article 85 of Protocol I and Article 8 of the
>  Rome Statute, grave breaches of international law which entail
>  individual criminal responsibility.
>
>  By constantly alluding to the notion of self-defence as per Article 51
>  and by framing the military operations in Gaza solely in terms of
>  necessity and proportionality, even the opponents of Israel
>  unconsciously affirm the "impermissible confusion" that Israel is
>  deliberately trying to disseminate.
>  ====================================
>  Reza Nasri is an international lawyer based at the Graduate Institute
>  of International and Development Studies in Geneva.
>
>
>
>
>
>                               http://www.eyeontheun.org
>
>
> A list of UN Resolutions against "Israel" Here is a list of UN
resolutions
> that Israel has not complied with, far more than Iraq. Note that she has
> also illegally developed nuclear weapons. Further, the situation is far
> worse than would at first appear, it involves the serious distortion of
> the official Security Council record by the profligate use by the United
> States of its veto power. (See Table) Israel's, defiance goes back to its
> very beginnings. This collection of resolutions criticizing Israel is
> unmatched by the record of any other nation as Israel stands in violation
> of more UN resolutions than ANY OTHER NATION ON EARTH.
>
>
>
> A list of UN Resolutions against "Israel" 1955-1992: *
> Resolution 106: " . . . 'condemns' Israel for Gaza raid". *
> Resolution 111: " . . . 'condemns' Israel for raid on Syria that killed
> fifty-six people". * Resolution 127: " . . . 'recommends' Israel suspends
> it's 'no-man's zone' in Jerusalem". *
> Resolution 162: " . . . 'urges' Israel to comply with UN decisions". *
> Resolution 171: " . . . determines flagrant violations' by Israel in its
> attack on Syria". Resolution 228: " . . . 'censures' Israel for its
attack
> on Samu in the West Bank, then under Jordanian control". *
> Resolution 237: " . . . 'urges' Israel to allow return of new 1967
> Palestinian refugees". Resolution 248: " . . . 'condemns' Israel for its
> massive attack on Karameh in Jordan". *
> Resolution 250: " . . . 'calls' on Israel to refrain from holding military
> parade in Jerusalem". *
> Resolution 251: " . . . 'deeply deplores' Israeli military parade in
> Jerusalem in defiance of Resolution 250". *
> Resolution 252: " . . . 'declares invalid' Israel's acts to unify
> Jerusalem as Jewish capital". *
> Resolution 256: " . . . 'condemns' Israeli raids on Jordan as 'flagrant
> violation". * Resolution 259: " . . . 'deplores' Israel's refusal to
> accept UN mission to probe occupation". *
> Resolution 262: " . . . 'condemns' Israel for attack on Beirut airport".
*
> Resolution 265: " . . . 'condemns' Israel for air attacks for Salt in
> Jordan". * Resolution 267: " . . . 'censures' Israel for administrative
> acts to change the status of Jerusalem". *
> Resolution 270: " . . . 'condemns' Israel for air attacks on villages in
> southern Lebanon". *
> Resolution 271: " . . . 'condemns' Israel's failure to obey UN resolutions
> on Jerusalem". *
> Resolution 279: " . . . 'demands' withdrawal of Israeli forces from
> Lebanon". * Resolution 280: " . . . 'condemns' Israeli's attacks against
> Lebanon". *
> Resolution 285: " . . . 'demands' immediate Israeli withdrawal form
> Lebanon". * Resolution 298: " . . . 'deplores' Israel's changing of the
> status of Jerusalem". * Resolution 313: " . . . 'demands' that Israel
stop
> attacks against Lebanon". * Resolution 316: " . . . 'condemns' Israel for
> repeated attacks on Lebanon". * Resolution 317: " . . . 'deplores'
> Israel's refusal to release Arabs abducted in Lebanon". *
> Resolution 332: " . . . 'condemns' Israel's repeated attacks against
> Lebanon". * Resolution 337: " . . . 'condemns' Israel for violating
> Lebanon's sovereignty". * Resolution 347: " . . . 'condemns' Israeli
> attacks on Lebanon". *
> Resolution 425: " . . . 'calls' on Israel to withdraw its forces from
> Lebanon". * Resolution 427: " . . . 'calls' on Israel to complete its
> withdrawal from Lebanon. * Resolution 444: " . . . 'deplores' Israel's
> lack of cooperation with UN peacekeeping forces". *
> Resolution 446: " . . . 'determines' that Israeli settlements are a
> 'serious obstruction' to peace and calls on Israel to abide by the Fourth
> Geneva Convention". *
> Resolution 450: " . . . 'calls' on Israel to stop attacking Lebanon". *
> Resolution 452: " . . . 'calls' on Israel to cease building settlements in
> occupied territories". *
> Resolution 465: " . . . 'deplores' Israel's settlements and asks all
> member states not to assist Israel's settlements program". *
> Resolution 467: " . . . 'strongly deplores' Israel's military intervention
> in Lebanon". * Resolution 468: " . . . 'calls' on Israel to rescind
> illegal expulsions of two Palestinian mayors and a judge and to facilitate
> their return". *
> Resolution 469: " . . . 'strongly deplores' Israel's failure to observe
> the council's order not to deport Palestinians". *
> Resolution 471: " . . . 'expresses deep concern' at Israel's failure to
> abide by the Fourth Geneva Convention". *
> Resolution 476: " . . . 'reiterates' that Israel's claim to Jerusalem are
> 'null and void'". * Resolution 478: " . . . 'censures (Israel) in the
> strongest terms' for its claim to Jerusalem in its 'Basic Law'". *
> Resolution 484: " . . . 'declares it imperative' that Israel re- admit two
> deported Palestinian mayors". *
> Resolution 487: " . . . 'strongly condemns' Israel for its attack on
> Iraq's nuclear facility". *
> Resolution 497: " . . . 'decides' that Israel's annexation of Syria's
> Golan Heights is 'null and void' and demands that Israel rescinds its
> decision forthwith". *
> Resolution 498: " . . . 'calls' on Israel to withdraw from Lebanon". *
> Resolution 501: " . . . 'calls' on Israel to stop attacks against Lebanon
> and withdraw its troops". *
> Resolution 509: " . . . 'demands' that Israel withdraw its forces
> forthwith and unconditionally from Lebanon". *
> Resolution 515: " . . . 'demands' that Israel lift its siege of Beirut and
> allow food supplies to be brought in". *
> Resolution 517: " . . . 'censures' Israel for failing to obey UN
> resolutions and demands that Israel withdraw its forces from Lebanon". *
> Resolution 518: " . . . 'demands' that Israel cooperate fully with UN
> forces in Lebanon". *
> Resolution 520: " . . . 'condemns' Israel's attack into West Beirut". *
> Resolution 573: " . . . 'condemns' Israel 'vigorously' for bombing Tunisia
> in attack on PLO headquarters. *
> Resolution 587: " . . . 'takes note' of previous calls on Israel to
> withdraw its forces from Lebanon and urges all parties to withdraw". *
> Resolution 592: " . . . 'strongly deplores' the killing of Palestinian
> students at Bir Zeit University by Israeli troops". *
> Resolution 605: " . . . 'strongly deplores' Israel's policies and
> practices denying the human rights of Palestinians. *
> Resolution 607: " . . . 'calls' on Israel not to deport Palestinians and
> strongly requests it to abide by the Fourth Geneva Convention. *
> Resolution 608: " . . . 'deeply regrets' that Israel has defied the United
> Nations and deported Palestinian civilians". *
> Resolution 636: " . . . 'deeply regrets' Israeli deportation of
> Palestinian civilians. * Resolution 641: " . . . 'deplores' Israel's
> continuing deportation of Palestinians. * Resolution 672: " . . .
> 'condemns' Israel for violence against Palestinians at the Haram
> al-Sharif/Temple Mount. *
> Resolution 673: " . . . 'deplores' Israel's refusal to cooperate with the
> United Nations. Resolution 681: " . . . 'deplores' Israel's resumption of
> the deportation of Palestinians. * Resolution 694: " . . . 'deplores'
> Israel's deportation of Palestinians and calls on it to ensure their safe
> and immediate return. *
> Resolution 726: " . . . 'strongly condemns' Israel's deportation of
> Palestinians. * Resolution 799: ". . . 'strongly condemns' Israel's
> deportation of 413 Palestinians and calls for there immediate return.
>
> 1993 to 1995UNGA Res 50/21 - The Middle East Peace Process (Dec 12, 1995)
> UNGA Res 50/22 - The Situation in the Middle East (Dec 12,
>
> 1995) UNGA Res 49/35 - Assistance to Palestinian Refugees (Jan 30 1995)
> lUNGA Res 49/36 - Human Rights of Palestinian Refugees (Jan 30 1995) UNGA
> Res 49/62 - Question of Palestine (Feb 3 1995) UNGA Res 49/78 - Nuclear
> Proliferation in Mideast (Jan 11 1995) UNGA Res 49/87 - Situation in the
> Middle East (Feb 7 1995) UNGA Res 49/88 - The Middle East Peace Process
> (Feb 7 1995) UNGA Res 49/149- Palestinian Right- Self-Determination (Feb 7
> 1995) UNGA Res 48/213 - Assistance to Palestinian Refugees (Mar 15, 1994)
> UNGA Res 48/40 - UNRWA for Palestinian Refugees (Dec 13, 1993) UNGA Res
> 48/41 - Human Rights in the Territories (Dec 10 1993) UNGA Res 48/58 - The
> Middle East Peace Process (Dec 14 1993) UNGA Res 48/59 - The Situation in
> the Middle East (Dec 14 1993) UNGA Res 48/71 - Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone in
> Mideast (Dec 16 1993) UNGA Res 48/78 - Israeli Nuclear Armament (Dec 16
> 1993) UNGA Res 48/94 - Self-Determination & Independence (Dec 20 1993)
> UNGA Res 48/124- Non-interference in Elections (Dec 20 1993) UNGA Res
> 48/158- Question of Palestine (Dec 20 1993) UNGA Res 48/212- Repercussions
> of Israeli Settlements (Dec 21 1993) ==========+++==========
>
> U.S. Vetoes of UN Resolutions Critical of Israel (1972-2002)
> ---------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------
> Vetoes: 1972-1982 Subject Date & Meeting US Rep Casting Veto Vote
> Palestine: Syrian-Lebanese Complaint. 3 power draft resolution 2/10784
> 9/10/1972 Bush 13-1, 1 Palestine: Examination of Middle East Situation.
> 8-power draft resolution (S/10974) 7/2/1973 Scali 13-1, 0 (China not
> partic.) Palestine: Egyptian-Lebanese Complaint. 5-power draft power
> resolution (S/11898) 12/8/1975 Moynihan 13-1, 1 Palestine: Middle East
> Problem, including Palestinian question. 6- power draft resolution
> (S/11940) 1/26/1976 Moynihan 9-1,3 (China & Libya not partic.) Palestine:
> Situation in Occupied Arab Territories. 5-power draft resolution (S/12022)
> 3/25/1976 Scranton 14-1,0 Palestine: Report on Committee on Rights of
> Palestinian People. 4- power draft resolution (S/121119) 6/29/1976 Sherer
> 10-1,4 Palestine: Palestinian Rights. Tunisian draft resolution. (S/13911)
> 4/30/1980 McHenry 10-1,4 Palestine: Golan Heights. Jordan draft
> resolution. (S/14832/Rev. 2) 1/20/1982 Kirkpatrick 9-1,5 Palestine:
> Situation in Occupied Territories, Jordan draft resolution (S/14943)
> 4/2/1982 Lichenstein 13-1,1 Palestine: Incident at the Dome of the Rock in
> Jerusalem. 4-power draft resolution 4/20/1982 Kirpatrick 14-1, 0
> Palestine: Conflict in Lebanon. Spain draft resolution. (S/15185) 6/8/1982
> Kirpatrick 14-1,0 Palestine: Conflict in Lebanon. France draft resolution.
> (S/15255/Rev. 2) 6/26/1982 Lichenstein 14-1 Palestine: Conflict in
> Lebanon. USSR draft resolution. (S/15347/Rev. 1, as orally amended)
> 8/6/1982 Lichenstein 11-1,3 Palestine: Situation in Occupied Territories,
> 20-power draft resolution (S/15895) 8/2/1983 Lichenstein 13-1,1 Security
> Council Vetoes/Negative voting 1983-present Subject Date Vote Occupied
> Arab Territories: Wholesale condemnation of Israeli settlement policies -
> not adopted 1983 S. Lebanon: Condemns Israeli action in southern Lebanon.
> S/16732 9/6/1984 Vetoed: 13-1 (U.S.), with 1 abstention (UK) Occupied
> Territories: Deplores "repressive measures" by Israel against Arab
> population. S/19459. 9/13/1985 Vetoed: 10-1 (U.S.), with 4 abstentions
> (Australia, Denmark, UK, France) Lebanon: Condemns Israeli practices
> against civilians in southern Lebanon. S/17000. 3/12/1985 Vetoed: 11-1
> (U.S.), with 3 abstentions (Australia, Denmark, UK) Occupied Territories:
> Calls upon Israel to respect Muslim holy places. S/17769/Rev. 1 1/30/1986
> Vetoed: 13-1 (US), with one abstention (Thailand) Lebanon: Condemns
> Israeli practices against civilians in southern Lebanon. S/17730/Rev. 2.
> 1/17/1986 Vetoed: 11-1 (U.S.), with 3 abstentions (Australia, Denmark, UK)
> Libya/Israel: Condemns Israeli interception of Libyan plane. S/17796/Rev.
> 1. 2/6/1986 Vetoed: 10 -1 (US), with 4 abstentions (Australia, Denmark,
> France, UK) Lebanon: Draft strongly deplored repeated Israeli attacks
> against Lebanese territory and other measures and practices against the
> civilian population; (S/19434) 1/18/1988 vetoed 13-1 (US), with 1
> abstention (UK) Lebanon: Draft condemned recent invasion by Israeli forces
> of Southern Lebanon and Draft condemned recent invasion by Israeli forces
> of Southern Lebanon and repeated a call for the immediate withdrawal of
> all Israeli forces from Lebanese territory; (S/19868) 5/10/1988 vetoed
> 14-1 (US) Lebanon: Draft strongly deplored the recent Israeli attack
> against Lebanese territory on 9 December 1988; (S/20322) 12/14/1988 vetoed
> 14-1 (US) Occupied territories: Draft called on Israel to accept de jure
> applicability of the 4th Geneva Convention; (S/19466) 1988 vetoed 14-1
> (US) Occupied territories: Draft urged Israel to abide by the Fourth
> Geneva Convention, rescind the order to deport Palestinian civilians, and
> condemned policies and practices of Israel that violate the human rights
> of the Palestinian people in the occupied territories; (S/19780) 1988
> vetoed 14-1 (US) Occupied territories: Strongly deplored Israeli policies
> and practices in the occupied territories, and strongly deplored also
> Israel's continued disregard of relevant Security Council decisions.
> 2/17/1989 Vetoed 14-1 (US) Occupied territories: Condemned Israeli
> policies and practices in the occupied territories. 6/9/1989 Vetoed 14-1
> (US) Occupied territories: Deplored Israel's policies and practices in the
> occupied territories. 11/7/1989 Vetoed 14-1 (US) Occupied territories: NAM
> draft resolution to create a commission and send three security council
> members to Rishon Lezion, where an Israeli gunmen shot down seven
> Palestinian workers. 5/31/1990 Vetoed 14-1 (US) Middle East: Confirms that
> the expropriation of land by Israel in East Jerusalem is invalid and in
> violation of relevant Security Council resolutions and provisions of the
> Fourth Geneva convention; expresses support of peace process, including
> the Declaration of Principles of 9/13/1993 5/17/1995 Vetoed 14-1 (US)
> Middle East: Calls upon Israeli authorities to refrain from all actions or
> measures, including settlement activities. 3/7/1997 Vetoed 14-1 (US)
> Middle East: Demands that Israel cease construction of the settlement in
> east Jerusalem (called Jabal Abu Ghneim by the Palestinians and Har Homa
> by Israel), as well as all the other Israeli settlement activity in the
> occupied territories 3/21/1997 Vetoed 13-1,1 (US) Call for UN Observers
> Force in West Bank, Gaza 3/27/2001 Vetoed 9-1 (US), with four abstentions
> (Britain, France, Ireland and Norway) Condemned acts of terror, demanded
> an end to violence and the establishment of a monitoring mechanism to
> bring in observers. 12/15/2001 Vetoed 12-1 (US) with two abstentions
> (Britain and Norway) Source: U.S. State Department
>
>
>
> WAR CRIMES
>
>
>
>
> <LazarusCain@hotmail.com  wrote in message
> news:41fed7a5-ed48-4d06-ae5c-1d3c259dc2c0@d36g2000prf.googlegroups.com...
>
>
>
>  Treaties & Documents
>  by topic
>
>  Treaties & Documents
>  by date
>
>  Treaties & Documents
>  by Country
>
>  1949 Conventions &
>  Additional Protocols,
>  & their Commentaries
>      Print this page
>  Convention (IV) relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time
>  of War. Geneva, 12 August 1949.
>  Full text [Display Introduction] [Display articles] [Display
>  commentaries]
>  Preamble
>  The undersigned Plenipotentiaries of the Governments represented at
>  the Diplomatic Conference held at Geneva from April 21 to August 12,
>  1949, for the purpose of establishing a Convention for the Protection
>  of Civilian Persons in Time of War, have agreed as follows:
>
>  Part I. General Provisions
>
>  Article 1. The High Contracting Parties undertake to respect and to
>  ensure respect for the present Convention in all circumstances.
>
>  Art. 2. In addition to the provisions which shall be implemented in
>  peace-time, the present Convention shall apply to all cases of
>  declared war or of any other armed conflict which may arise between
>  two or more of the High Contracting Parties, even if the state of war
>  is not recognized by one of them.
>
>  The Convention shall also apply to all cases of partial or total
>  occupation of the territory of a High Contracting Party, even if the
>  said occupation meets with no armed resistance.
>
>  Although one of the Powers in conflict may not be a party to the
>  present Convention, the Powers who are parties thereto shall remain
>  bound by it in their mutual relations. They shall furthermore be bound
>  by the Convention in relation to the said Power, if the latter accepts
>  and applies the provisions thereof.
>
>  Art. 3. In the case of armed conflict not of an international
>  character occurring in the territory of one of the High Contracting
>  Parties, each Party to the conflict shall be bound to apply, as a
>  minimum, the following
>  provisions:
>
>  (1) Persons taking no active part in the hostilities, including
>  members of armed forces who have laid down their arms and those placed
>  hors de combat by sickness, wounds, detention, or any other cause,
>  shall in all circumstances be treated humanely, without any adverse
>  distinction founded on race, colour, religion or faith, sex, birth or
>  wealth, or any other similar criteria.
>
>  To this end the following acts are and shall remain prohibited at any
>  time and in any place whatsoever with respect to the above-mentioned
>  persons:
>  (a) violence to life and person, in particular murder of all kinds,
>  mutilation, cruel treatment and torture;
>  (b) taking of hostages;
>  (c) outrages upon personal dignity, in particular humiliating and
>  degrading treatment;
>  (d) the passing of sentences and the carrying out of executions
>  without previous judgment pronounced by a regularly constituted court,
>  affording all the judicial guarantees which are recognized as
>  indispensable by civilized peoples.
>
>  (2) The wounded and sick shall be collected and cared for.
>
>  An impartial humanitarian body, such as the International Committee of
>  the Red Cross, may offer its services to the Parties to the conflict.
>
>  The Parties to the conflict should further endeavour to bring into
>  force, by means of special agreements, all or part of the other
>  provisions of the present Convention.
>
>  The application of the preceding provisions shall not affect the legal
>  status of the Parties to the conflict.
>
>  Art. 4. Persons protected by the Convention are those who, at a given
>  moment and in any manner whatsoever, find themselves, in case of a
>  conflict or occupation, in the hands of a Party to the conflict or
>  Occupying Power of which they are not nationals.
>
>  Nationals of a State which is not bound by the Convention are not
>  protected by it. Nationals of a neutral State who find themselves in
>  the territory of a belligerent State, and nationals of a co-
>  belligerent State, shall not be regarded as protected persons while
>  the State of which they are nationals has normal diplomatic
>  representation in the State in whose hands they are.
>
>  The provisions of Part II are, however, wider in application, as
>  defined in Article 13.
>
>  Persons protected by the Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the
>  Condition of the Wounded and Sick in Armed Forces in the Field of 12
>  August 1949, or by the Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the
>  Condition of Wounded, Sick and Shipwrecked Members of Armed Forces at
>  Sea of 12 August 1949, or by the Geneva Convention relative to the
>  Treatment of Prisoners of War of 12 August 1949, shall not be
>  considered as protected persons within the meaning of the present
>  Convention.
>
>  Art. 5 Where in the territory of a Party to the conflict, the latter
>  is satisfied that an individual protected person is definitely
>  suspected of or engaged in activities hostile to the security of the
>  State, such individual person shall not be entitled to claim such
>  rights and privileges under the present Convention as would, if
>  exercised in the favour of such individual person, be prejudicial to
>  the security of such State.
>
>  Where in occupied territory an individual protected person is detained
>  as a spy or saboteur, or as a person under definite suspicion of
>  activity hostile to the security of the Occupying Power, such person
>  shall, in those cases where absolute military security so requires, be
>  regarded as having forfeited rights of communication under the present
>  Convention.
>
>  In each case, such persons shall nevertheless be treated with humanity
>  and, in case of trial, shall not be deprived of the rights of fair and
>  regular trial prescribed by the present Convention. They shall also be
>  granted the full rights and privileges of a protected person under the
>  present Convention at the earliest date consistent with the security
>  of the State or Occupying Power, as the case may be.
>
>  Art. 6. The present Convention shall apply from the outset of any
>  conflict or occupation mentioned in Article 2.
>
>  In the territory of Parties to the conflict, the application of the
>  present Convention shall cease on the general close of military
>  operations.
>
>  In the case of occupied territory, the application of the present
>  Convention shall cease one year after the general close of military
>  operations; however, the Occupying Power shall be bound, for the
>  duration of the occupation, to the extent that such Power exercises
>  the functions of government in such territory, by the provisions of
>  the following Articles of the present Convention: 1 to 12, 27, 29 to
>  34, 47, 49, 51, 52, 53, 59, 61 to 77, 143.
>
>  Protected persons whose release, repatriation or re-establishment may
>  take place after such dates shall meanwhile continue to benefit by the
>  present Convention.
>
>  Art. 7. In addition to the agreements expressly provided for in
>  Articles 11, 14, 15, 17, 36, 108, 109, 132, 133 and 149, the High
>  Contracting Parties may conclude other special agreements for all
>  matters concerning which they may deem it suitable to make separate
>  provision. No special agreement shall adversely affect the situation
>  of protected persons, as defined by the present Convention, not
>  restrict the rights which it confers upon them.
>
>  Protected persons shall continue to have the benefit of such
>  agreements as long as the Convention is applicable to them, except
>  where express provisions to the contrary are contained in the
>  aforesaid or in subsequent agreements, or where more favourable
>  measures have been taken with regard to them by one or other of the
>  Parties to the conflict.
>
>  Art. 8. Protected persons may in no circumstances renounce in part or
>  in entirety the rights secured to them by the present Convention, and
>  by the special agreements referred to in the foregoing Article, if
>  such there be.
>
>  Art. 9. The present Convention shall be applied with the cooperation
>  and under the scrutiny of the Protecting Powers whose duty it is to
>  safeguard the interests of the Parties to the conflict. For this
>  purpose, the Protecting Powers may appoint, apart from their
>  diplomatic or consular staff, delegates from amongst their own
>  nationals or the nationals of other neutral Powers. The said delegates
>  shall be subject to the approval of the Power with which they are to
>  carry out their duties.
>
>  The Parties to the conflict shall facilitate to the greatest extent
>  possible the task of the representatives or delegates of the
>  Protecting Powers.
>
>  The representatives or delegates of the Protecting Powers shall not in
>  any case exceed their mission under the present Convention.
>
>  They shall, in particular, take account of the imperative necessities
>  of security of the State wherein they carry out their duties.
>
>  Art. 10. The provisions of the present Convention constitute no
>  obstacle to the humanitarian activities which the International
>  Committee of the Red Cross or any other impartial humanitarian
>  organization may, subject to the consent of the Parties to the
>  conflict concerned, undertake for the protection of civilian persons
>  and for their relief.
>
>  Art. 11. The High Contracting Parties may at any time agree to entrust
>  to an international organization which offers all guarantees of
>  impartiality and efficacy the duties incumbent on the Protecting
>  Powers by virtue of the present Convention.
>
>  When persons protected by the present Convention do not benefit or
>  cease to benefit, no matter for what reason, by the activities of a
>  Protecting Power or of an organization provided for in the first
>  paragraph above, the Detaining Power shall request a neutral State, or
>  such an organization, to undertake the functions performed under the
>  present Convention by a Protecting Power designated by the Parties to
>  a conflict.
>
>  If protection cannot be arranged accordingly, the Detaining Power
>  shall request or shall accept, subject to the provisions of this
>  Article, the offer of the services of a humanitarian organization,
>  such as the International Committee of the Red Cross, to assume the
>  humanitarian functions performed by Protecting Powers under the
>  present Convention.
>
>  Any neutral Power or any organization invited by the Power concerned
>  or offering itself for these purposes, shall be required to act with a
>  sense of responsibility towards the Party to the conflict on which
>  persons protected by the present Convention depend, and shall be
>  required to furnish sufficient assurances that it is in a position to
>  undertake the appropriate functions and to discharge them impartially.
>
>  No derogation from the preceding provisions shall be made by special
>  agreements between Powers one of which is restricted, even
>  temporarily, in its freedom to negotiate with the other Power or its
>  allies by reason of military events, more particularly where the
>  whole, or a substantial part, of the territory of the said Power is
>  occupied.
>
>  Whenever in the present Convention mention is made of a Protecting
>  Power, such mention applies to substitute organizations in the sense
>  of the present Article.
>
>  The provisions of this Article shall extend and be adapted to cases of
>  nationals of a neutral State who are in occupied territory or who find
>  themselves in the territory of a belligerent State in which the State
>  of which they are nationals has not normal diplomatic representation.
>
>  Art. 12. In cases where they deem it advisable in the interest of
>  protected persons, particularly in cases of disagreement between the
>  Parties to the conflict as to the application or interpretation of the
>  provisions of the present Convention, the Protecting Powers shall lend
>  their good offices with a view to settling the disagreement.
>
>  For this purpose, each of the Protecting Powers may, either at the
>  invitation of one Party or on its own initiative, propose to the
>  Parties to the conflict a meeting of their representatives, and in
>  particular of the authorities responsible for protected persons,
>  possibly on neutral territory suitably chosen. The Parties to the
>  conflict shall be bound to give effect to the proposals made to them
>  for this purpose. The Protecting Powers may, if necessary, propose for
>  approval by the Parties to the conflict a person belonging to a
>  neutral Power, or delegated by the International Committee of the Red
>  Cross, who shall be invited to take part in such a meeting.
>
>
>  Part II. General Protection of Populations Against Certain
>  Consequences of War
>
>  Art. 13. The provisions of Part II cover the whole of the populations
>  of the countries in conflict, without any adverse distinction based,
>  in particular, on race, nationality, religion or political opinion,
>  and are intended to alleviate the sufferings caused by war.
>
>  Art. 14. In time of peace, the High Contracting Parties and, after the
>  outbreak of hostilities, the Parties thereto, may establish in their
>  own territory and, if the need arises, in occupied areas, hospital and
>  safety zones and localities so organized as to protect from the
>  effects of war, wounded, sick and aged persons, children under
>  fifteen, expectant mothers and mothers of children under seven.
>
>  Upon the outbreak and during the course of hostilities, the Parties
>  concerned may conclude agreements on mutual recognition of the zones
>  and localities they have created. They may for this purpose implement
>  the provisions of the Draft Agreement annexed to the present
>  Convention, with such amendments as they may consider necessary.
>
>  The Protecting Powers and the International Committee of the Red Cross
>  are invited to lend their good offices in order to facilitate the
>  institution and recognition of these hospital and safety zones and
>  localities.
>
>  Art. 15. Any Party to the conflict may, either direct or through a
>  neutral State or some humanitarian organization, propose to the
>  adverse Party to establish, in the regions where fighting is taking
>  place, neutralized zones intended to shelter from the effects of war
>  the following persons, without
>  distinction:
>
>  (a) wounded and sick combatants or non-combatants;
>  (b) civilian persons who take no part in hostilities, and who, while
>  they reside in the zones, perform no work of a military character.
>
>  When the Parties concerned have agreed upon the geographical position,
>  administration, food supply and supervision of the proposed
>  neutralized zone, a written agreement shall be concluded and signed by
>  the representatives of the Parties to the conflict. The agreement
>  shall fix the beginning and the duration of the neutralization of the
>  zone.
>
>  Art. 16. The wounded and sick, as well as the infirm, and expectant
>  mothers, shall be the object of particular protection and respect.
>
>  As far as military considerations allow, each Party to the conflict
>  shall facilitate the steps taken to search for the killed and wounded,
>  to assist the shipwrecked and other persons exposed to grave danger,
>  and to protect them against pillage and ill-treatment.
>
>  Art. 17. The Parties to the conflict shall endeavour to conclude local
>  agreements for the removal from besieged or encircled areas, of
>  wounded, sick, infirm, and aged persons, children and maternity cases,
>  and for the passage of ministers of all religions, medical personnel
>  and medical equipment on their way to such areas.
>
>  Art. 18. Civilian hospitals organized to give care to the wounded and
>  sick, the infirm and maternity cases, may in no circumstances be the
>  object of attack but shall at all times be respected and protected by
>  the Parties to the conflict.
>
>  States which are Parties to a conflict shall provide all civilian
>  hospitals with certificates showing that they are civilian hospitals
>  and that the buildings which they occupy are not used for any purpose
>  which would deprive these hospitals of protection in accordance with
>  Article 19.
>
>  Civilian hospitals shall be marked by means of the emblem provided for
>  in Article 38 of the Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the
>  Condition of the Wounded and Sick in Armed Forces in the Field of 12
>  August 1949, but only if so authorized by the State.
>
>  The Parties to the conflict shall, in so far as military
>  considerations permit, take the necessary steps to make the
>  distinctive emblems indicating civilian hospitals clearly visible to
>  the enemy land, air and naval forces in order to obviate the
>  possibility of any hostile action.
>
>  In view of the dangers to which hospitals may be exposed by being
>  close to military objectives, it is recommended that such hospitals be
>  situated as far as possible from such objectives.
>
>  Art. 19. The protection to which civilian hospitals are entitled shall
>  not cease unless they are used to commit, outside their humanitarian
>  duties, acts harmful to the enemy. Protection may, however, cease only
>  after due warning has been given, naming, in all appropriate cases, a
>  reasonable time limit and after such warning has remained unheeded.
>
>  The fact that sick or wounded members of the armed forces are nursed
>  in these hospitals, or the presence of small arms and ammunition taken
>  from such combatants and not yet been handed to the proper service,
>  shall not be considered to be acts harmful to the enemy.
>
>  Art. 20. Persons regularly and solely engaged in the operation and
>  administration of civilian hospitals, including the personnel engaged
>  in the search for, removal and transporting of and caring for wounded
>  and sick civilians, the infirm and maternity cases shall be respected
>  and protected.
>
>  In occupied territory and in zones of military operations, the above
>  personnel shall be recognizable by means of an identity card
>  certifying their status, bearing the photograph of the holder and
>  embossed with the stamp of the responsible authority, and also by
>  means of a stamped, water-resistant armlet which they shall wear on
>  the left arm while carrying out their duties. This armlet shall be
>  issued by the State and shall bear the emblem provided for in Article
>  38 of the Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of
>  the Wounded and Sick in Armed Forces in the Field of 12 August 1949.
>
>  Other personnel who are engaged in the operation and administration of
>  civilian hospitals shall be entitled to respect and protection and to
>  wear the armlet, as provided in and under the conditions prescribed in
>  this Article, while they are employed on such duties. The identity
>  card shall state the duties on which they are employed.
>
>  The management of each hospital shall at all times hold at the
>  disposal of the competent national or occupying authorities an up-to-
>  date list of such personnel.
>
>  Art. 21. Convoys of vehicles or hospital trains on land or specially
>  provided vessels on sea, conveying wounded and sick civilians, the
>  infirm and maternity cases, shall be respected and protected in the
>  same manner as the hospitals provided for in Article 18, and shall be
>  marked, with the consent of the State, by the display of the
>  distinctive emblem provided for in Article 38 of the Geneva Convention
>  for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in Armed
>  Forces in the Field of 12 August 1949.
>
>  Art.22. Aircraft exclusively employed for the removal of wounded and
>  sick civilians, the infirm and maternity cases or for the transport of
>  medical personnel and equipment, shall not be attacked, but shall be
>  respected while flying at heights, times and on routes specifically
>  agreed upon between all the Parties to the conflict concerned.
>
>  They may be marked with the distinctive emblem provided for in Article
>  38 of the Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of
>  the Wounded and Sick in Armed Forces in the Field of 12 August 1949.
>
>  Unless agreed otherwise, flights over enemy or enemy occupied
>  territory are prohibited.
>
>  Such aircraft shall obey every summons to land. In the event of a
>  landing thus imposed, the aircraft with its occupants may continue its
>  flight after examination, if any.
>
>  Art. 23. Each High Contracting Party shall allow the free passage of
>  all consignments of medical and hospital stores and objects necessary
>  for religious worship intended only for civilians of another High
>  Contracting Party, even if the latter is its adversary. It shall
>  likewise permit the free passage of all consignments of essential
>  foodstuffs, clothing and tonics intended for children under fifteen,
>  expectant mothers and maternity cases.
>
>  The obligation of a High Contracting Party to allow the free passage
>  of the consignments indicated in the preceding paragraph is subject to
>  the condition that this Party is satisfied that there are no serious
>  reasons
>  for fearing:
>
>  (a) that the consignments may be diverted from their destination,
>  (b) that the control may not be effective, or
>  (c) that a definite advantage may accrue to the military efforts or
>  economy of the enemy through the substitution of the above-mentioned
>  consignments for goods which would otherwise be provided or produced
>  by the enemy or through the release of such material, services or
>  facilities as would otherwise be required for the production of such
>  goods.
>
>  The Power which allows the passage of the consignments indicated in
>  the first paragraph of this Article may make such permission
>  conditional on the distribution to the persons benefited thereby being
>  made under the local supervision of the Protecting Powers.
>
>  Such consignments shall be forwarded as rapidly as possible, and the
>  Power which permits their free passage shall have the right to
>  prescribe the technical arrangements under which such passage is
>  allowed.
>
>  Art.24. The Parties to the conflict shall take the necessary measures
>  to ensure that children under fifteen, who are orphaned or are
>  separated from their families as a result of the war, are not left to
>  their own resources, and that their maintenance, the exercise of their
>  religion and their education are facilitated in all circumstances.
>  Their education shall, as far as possible, be entrusted to persons of
>  a similar cultural tradition.
>
>  The Parties to the conflict shall facilitate the reception of such
>  children in a neutral country for the duration of the conflict with
>  the consent of the Protecting Power, if any, and under due safeguards
>  for the observance of the principles stated in the first paragraph.
>
>  They shall, furthermore, endeavour to arrange for all children under
>  twelve to be identified by the wearing of identity discs, or by some
>  other means.
>
>  Art. 25. All persons in the territory of a Party to the conflict, or
>  in a territory occupied by it, shall be enabled to give news of a
>  strictly personal nature to members of their families, wherever they
>  may be, and to receive news from them. This correspondence shall be
>  forwarded speedily and without undue delay.
>
>  If, as a result of circumstances, it becomes difficult or impossible
>  to exchange family correspondence by the ordinary post, the Parties to
>  the conflict concerned shall apply to a neutral intermediary, such as
>  the Central Agency provided for in Article 140, and shall decide in
>  consultation with it how to ensure the fulfilment of their obligations
>  under the best possible conditions, in particular with the cooperation
>  of the National Red Cross (Red Crescent, Red Lion and Sun) Societies.
>
>  If the Parties to the conflict deem it necessary to restrict family
>  correspondence, such restrictions shall be confined to the compulsory
>  use of standard forms containing twenty-five freely chosen words, and
>  to the limitation of the number of these forms despatched to one each
>  month.
>
>  Art. 26. Each Party to the conflict shall facilitate enquiries made by
>  members of families dispersed owing to the war, with the object of
>  renewing contact with one another and of meeting, if possible. It
>  shall encourage, in particular, the work of organizations engaged on
>  this task provided they are acceptable to it and conform to its
>  security regulations.
>
>
>  Part III. Status and Treatment of Protected Persons
>
>  Section I. Provisions common to the territories of the parties to the
>  conflict and to occupied territories
>
>  Art. 27. Protected persons are entitled, in all circumstances, to
>  respect for their persons, their honour, their family rights, their
>  religious convictions and practices, and their manners and customs.
>  They shall at all times be humanely treated, and shall be protected
>  especially against all acts of violence or threats thereof and against
>  insults and public curiosity.
>
>  Women shall be especially protected against any attack on their
>  honour, in particular against rape, enforced prostitutiOn, or any form
>  of indecent assault.
>
>  Without prejudice to the provisions relating to their state of health,
>  age and sex, all protected persons shall be treated with the same
>  consideration by the Party to the conflict in whose power they are,
>  without any adverse distinction based, in particular, on race,
>  religion or political opinion.
>
>  However, the Parties to the conflict may take such measures of control
>  and security in regard to protected persons as may be necessary as a
>  result of the war.
>
>  Art. 28. The presence of a protected person may not be used to render
>  certain points or areas immune from military operations.
>
>  Art. 29. The Party to the conflict in whose hands protected persons
>  may be, is responsible for the treatment accorded to them by its
>  agents, irrespective of any individual responsibility which may be
>  incurred.
>
>  Art. 30. Protected persons shall have every facility for making
>  application to the Protecting Powers, the International Committee of
>  the Red Cross, the National Red Cross (Red Crescent, Red Lion and Sun)
>  Society of the country where they may be, as well as to any
>  organization that might assist them.
>
>  These several organizations shall be granted all facilities for that
>  purpose by the authorities, within the bounds set by military or
>  security considerations.
>
>  Apart from the visits of the delegates of the Protecting Powers and of
>  the International Committee of the Red Cross, provided for by Article
>  143, the Detaining or Occupying Powers shall facilitate, as much as
>  possible, visits to protected persons by the representatives of other
>  organizations whose object is to give spiritual aid or material relief
>  to such persons.
>
>  Art. 31. No physical or moral coercion shall be exercised against
>  protected persons, in particular to obtain information from them or
>  from third parties.
>
>  Art. 32. The High Contracting Parties specifically agree that each of
>  them is prohibited from taking any measure of such a character as to
>  cause the physical suffering or extermination of protected persons in
>  their hands. This prohibition applies not only to murder, torture,
>  corporal punishments, mutilation and medical or scientific experiments
>  not necessitated by the medical treatment of a protected person, but
>  also to any other measures of brutality whether applied by civilian or
>  military agents.
>
>  Art. 33. No protected person may be punished for an offence he or she
>  has not personally committed. Collective penalties and likewise all
>  measures of intimidation or of terrorism are prohibited.
>
>  Pillage is prohibited.
>
>  Reprisals against protected persons and their property are prohibited.
>
>  Art. 34. The taking of hostages is prohibited.
>
>
>  Section II. Aliens in the territory of a party to the conflict
>
>  Art. 35. All protected persons who may desire to leave the territory
>  at the outset of, or during a conflict, shall be entitled to do so,
>  unless their departure is contrary to the national interests of the
>  State. The applications of such persons to leave shall be decided in
>  accordance with regularly established procedures and the decision
>  shall be taken as rapidly as possible. Those persons permitted to
>  leave may provide themselves with the necessary funds for their
>  journey and take with them a reasonable amount of their effects and
>  articles of personal use.
>
>  If any such person is refused permission to leave the territory, he
>  shall be entitled to have refusal reconsidered, as soon as possible by
>  an appropriate court or administrative board designated by the
>  Detaining Power for that purpose.
>
>  Upon request, representatives of the Protecting Power shall, unless
>  reasons of security prevent it, or the persons concerned object, be
>  furnished with the reasons for refusal of any request for permission
>  to leave the territory and be given, as expeditiously as possible, the
>  names of all persons who have been denied permission to leave.
>
>  Art. 36. Departures permitted under the foregoing Article shall be
>  carried out in satisfactory conditions as regards safety, hygiene,
>  sanitation and food. All costs in connection therewith, from the point
>  of exit in the territory of the Detaining Power, shall be borne by the
>  country of destination, or, in the case of accommodation in a neutral
>  country, by the Power whose nationals are benefited. The practical
>  details of such movements may, if necessary, be settled by special
>  agreements between the Powers concerned.
>
>  The foregoing shall not prejudice such special agreements as may be
>  concluded between Parties to the conflict concerning the exchange and
>  repatriation of their nationals in enemy hands.
>
>  Art. 37. Protected persons who are confined pending proceedings or
>  serving a sentence involving loss of liberty, shall during their
>  confinement be humanely treated.
>
>  As soon as they are released, they may ask to leave the territory in
>  conformity with the foregoing Articles.
>
>  Art. 38. With the exception of special measures authorized by the
>  present Convention, in particularly by Article 27 and 41 thereof, the
>  situation of protected persons shall continue to be regulated, in
>  principle, by the provisions concerning aliens in time of peace. In
>  any case, the following
>  rights shall be granted to them:
>
>  (1) they shall be enabled to receive the individual or collective
>  relief that may be sent to them.
>  (2) they shall, if their state of health so requires, receive medical
>  attention and hospital treatment to the same extent as the nationals
>  of the State concerned.
>  (3) they shall be allowed to practise their religion and to receive
>  spiritual assistance from ministers of their faith.
>  (4) if they reside in an area particularly exposed to the dangers of
>  war, they shall be authorized to move from that area to the same
>  extent as the nationals of the State concerned.
>  (5) children under fifteen years, pregnant women and mothers of
>  children under seven years shall benefit by any preferential treatment
>  to the same extent as the nationals of the State concerned.
>
>  Art. 39. Protected persons who, as a result of the war, have lost
>  their gainful employment, shall be granted the opportunity to find
>  paid employment. That opportunity shall, subject to security
>  considerations and to the provisions of Article 40, be equal to that
>  enjoyed by the nationals of the Power in whose territory they are.
>
>  Where a Party to the conflict applies to a protected person methods of
>  control which result in his being unable to support himself, and
>  especially if such a person is prevented for reasons of security from
>  finding paid employment on reasonable conditions, the said Party shall
>  ensure his support and that of his dependents.
>
>  Protected persons may in any case receive allowances from their home
>  country, the Protecting Power, or the relief societies referred to in
>  Article 30.
>
>  Art. 40. Protected persons may be compelled to work only to the same
>  extent as nationals of the Party to the conflict in whose territory
>  they are.
>
>  If protected persons are of enemy nationality, they may only be
>  compelled to do work which is normally necessary to ensure the
>  feeding, sheltering, clothing, transport and health of human beings
>  and which is not directly related to the conduct of military
>  operations.
>
>  In the cases mentioned in the two preceding paragraphs, protected
>  persons compelled to work shall have the benefit of the same working
>  conditions and of the same safeguards as national workers in
>  particular as regards wages, hours of labour, clothing and equipment,
>  previous training and compensation for occupational accidents and
>  diseases.
>
>  If the above provisions are infringed, protected persons shall be
>  allowed to exercise their right of complaint in accordance with
>  Article 30.
>
>  Art. 41. Should the Power, in whose hands protected persons may be,
>  consider the measures of control mentioned in the present Convention
>  to be inadequate, it may not have recourse to any other measure of
>  control more severe than that of assigned residence or internment, in
>  accordance with the provisions of Articles 42 and 43.
>
>  In applying the provisions of Article 39, second paragraph, to the
>  cases of persons required to leave their usual places of residence by
>  virtue of a decision placing them in assigned residence elsewhere, the
>  Detaining Power shall be guided as closely as possible by the
>  standards of welfare set forth in Part III, Section IV of this
>  Convention.
>
>  Art. 42. The internment or placing in assigned residence of protected
>  persons may be ordered only if the security of the Detaining Power
>  makes it absolutely necessary.
>
>  If any person, acting through the representatives of the Protecting
>  Power, voluntarily demands internment, and if his situation renders
>  this step necessary, he shall be interned by the Power in whose hands
>  he may be.
>
>  Art. 43. Any protected person who has been interned or placed in
>  assigned residence shall be entitled to have such action reconsidered
>  as soon as possible by an appropriate court or administrative board
>  designated by the Detaining Power for that purpose. If the internment
>  or placing in assigned residence is maintained, the court or
>  administrative board shall periodically, and at least twice yearly,
>  give consideration to his or her case, with a view to the favourable
>  amendment of the initial decision, if circumstances permit.
>
>  Unless the protected persons concerned object, the Detaining Power
>  shall, as rapidly as possible, give the Protecting Power the names of
>  any protected persons who have been interned or subjected to assigned
>  residence, or who have been released from internment or assigned
>  residence. The decisions of the courts or boards mentioned in the
>  first paragraph of the present Article shall also, subject to the same
>  conditions, be notified as rapidly as possible to the Protecting
>  Power.
>
>  Art. 44. In applying the measures of control mentioned in the present
>  Convention, the Detaining Power shall not treat as enemy aliens
>  exclusively on the basis of their nationality de jure of an enemy
>  State, refugees who do not, in fact, enjoy the protection of any
>  government.
>
>  Art. 45. Protected persons shall not be transferred to a Power which
>  is not a party to the Convention.
>
>  This provision shall in no way constitute an obstacle to the
>  repatriation of protected persons, or to their return to their country
>  of residence after the cessation of hostilities.
>
>  Protected persons may be transferred by the Detaining Power only to a
>  Power which is a party to the present Convention and after the
>  Detaining Power has satisfied itself of the willingness and ability of
>  such transferee Power to apply the present Convention. If protected
>  persons are transferred under such circumstances, responsibility for
>  the application of the present Convention rests on the Power accepting
>  them, while they are in its custody. Nevertheless, if that Power fails
>  to carry out the provisions of the present Convention in any important
>  respect, the Power by which the protected persons were transferred
>  shall, upon being so notified by the Protecting Power, take effective
>  measures to correct the situation or shall request the return of the
>  protected persons. Such request must be complied with.
>
>  In no circumstances shall a protected person be transferred to a
>  country where he or she may have reason to fear persecution for his or
>  her political opinions or religious beliefs.
>
>  The provisions of this Article do not constitute an obstacle to the
>  extradition, in pursuance of extradition treaties concluded before the
>  outbreak of hostilities, of protected persons accused of offences
>  against ordinary criminal law.
>
>  Art. 46. In so far as they have not been previously withdrawn,
>  restrictive measures taken regarding protected persons shall be
>  cancelled as soon as possible after the close of hostilities.
>
>  Restrictive measures affecting their property shall be cancelled, in
>  accordance with the law of the Detaining Power, as soon as possible
>  after the close of hostilities.
>
>  Section III. Occupied territories
>
>  Art. 47. Protected persons who are in occupied territory shall not be
>  deprived, in any case or in any manner whatsoever, of the benefits of
>  the present Convention by any change introduced, as the result of the
>  occupation of a territory, into the institutions or government of the
>  said territory, nor by any agreement concluded between the authorities
>  of the occupied territories and the Occupying Power, nor by any
>  annexation by the latter of the whole or part of the occupied
>  territory.
>
>  Art. 48. Protected persons who are not nationals of the Power whose
>  territory is occupied, may avail themselves of the right to leave the
>  territory subject to the provisions of Article 35, and decisions
>  thereon shall be taken according to the procedure which the Occupying
>  Power shall establish in accordance with the said Article.
>
>  Art. 49. Individual or mass forcible transfers, as well as
>  deportations of protected persons from occupied territory to the
>  territory of the Occupying Power or to that of any other country,
>  occupied or not, are prohibited, regardless of their motive.
>
>  Nevertheless, the Occupying Power may undertake total or partial
>  evacuation of a given area if the security of the population or
>  imperative military reasons so demand. Such evacuations may not
>  involve the displacement of protected persons outside the bounds of
>  the occupied territory except when for material reasons it is
>  impossible to avoid such displacement. Persons thus evacuated shall be
>  transferred back to their homes as soon as hostilities in the area in
>  question have ceased.
>
>  The Occupying Power undertaking such transfers or evacuations shall
>  ensure, to the greatest practicable extent, that proper accommodation
>  is provided to receive the protected persons, that the removals are
>  effected in satisfactory conditions of hygiene, health, safety and
>  nutrition, and that members of the same family are not separated.
>
>  The Protecting Power shall be informed of any transfers and
>  evacuations as soon as they have taken place.
>
>  The Occupying Power shall not detain protected persons in an area
>  particularly exposed to the dangers of war unless the security of the
>  population or imperative military reasons so demand.
>
>  The Occupying Power shall not deport or transfer parts of its own
>  civilian population into the territory it occupies.
>
>  Art. 50. The Occupying Power shall, with the cooperation of the
>  national and local authorities, facilitate the proper working of all
>  institutions devoted to the care and education of children.
>
>  The Occupying Power shall take all necessary steps to facilitate the
>  identification of children and the registration of their parentage. It
>  may not, in any case, change their personal status, nor enlist them in
>  formations or organizations subordinate to it.
>
>  Should the local institutions be inadequate for the purpose, the
>  Occupying Power shall make arrangements for the maintenance and
>  education, if possible by persons of their own nationality, language
>  and religion, of children who are orphaned or separated from their
>  parents as a result of the war and who cannot be adequately cared for
>  by a near relative or friend.
>
>  A special section of the Bureau set up in accordance with Article 136
>  shall be responsible for taking all necessary steps to identify
>  children whose identity is in doubt. Particulars of their parents or
>  other near relatives should always be recorded if available.
>
>  The Occupying Power shall not hinder the application of any
>  preferential measures in regard to food, medical care and protection
>  against the effects of war which may have been adopted prior to the
>  occupation in favour of children under fifteen years, expectant
>  mothers, and mothers of children under seven years.
>
>  Art. 51. The Occupying Power may not compel protected persons to serve
>  in its armed or auxiliary forces. No pressure or propaganda which aims
>  at securing voluntary enlistment is permitted.
>
>  The Occupying Power may not compel protected persons to work unless
>  they are over eighteen years of age, and then only on work which is
>  necessary either for the needs of the army of occupation, or for the
>  public utility services, or for the feeding, sheltering, clothing,
>  transportation or health of the population of the occupied country.
>  Protected persons may not be compelled to undertake any work which
>  would involve them in the obligation of taking part in military
>  operations. The Occupying Power may not compel protected persons to
>  employ forcible means to ensure the security of the installations
>  where they are performing compulsory labour.
>
>  The work shall be carried out only in the occupied territory where the
>  persons whose services have been requisitioned are. Every such person
>  shall, so far as possible, be kept in his usual place of employment.
>  Workers shall be paid a fair wage and the work shall be proportionate
>  to their physical and intellectual capacities. The legislation in
>  force in the occupied country concerning working conditions, and
>  safeguards as regards, in particular, such matters as wages, hours of
>  work, equipment, preliminary training and compensation for
>  occupational accidents and diseases, shall be applicable to the
>  protected persons assigned to the work referred to in this Article.
>
>  In no case shall requisition of labour lead to a mobilization of
>  workers in an organization of a military or semi-military character.
>
>  Art. 52. No contract, agreement or regulation shall impair the right
>  of any worker, whether voluntary or not and wherever he may be, to
>  apply to the representatives of the Protecting Power in order to
>  request the said Power's intervention.
>
>  All measures aiming at creating unemployment or at restricting the
>  opportunities offered to workers in an occupied territory, in order to
>  induce them to work for the Occupying Power, are prohibited.
>
>  Art. 53. Any destruction by the Occupying Power of real or personal
>  property belonging individually or collectively to private persons, or
>  to the State, or to other public authorities, or to social or
>  cooperative organizations, is prohibited, except where such
>  destruction is rendered absolutely necessary by military operations.
>
>  Art. 54. The Occupying Power may not alter the status of public
>  officials or judges in the occupied territories, or in any way apply
>  sanctions to or take any measures of coercion or discrimination
>  against them, should they abstain from fulfilling their functions for
>  reasons of conscience.
>
>  This prohibition does not prejudice the application of the second
>  paragraph of Article 51. It does not affect the right of the Occupying
>  Power to remove public officials from their posts.
>
>  Art. 55. To the fullest extent of the means available to it, the
>  Occupying Power has the duty of ensuring the food and medical supplies
>  of the population; it should, in particular, bring in the necessary
>  foodstuffs, medical stores and other articles if the resources of the
>  occupied territory are inadequate.
>
>  The Occupying Power may not requisition foodstuffs, articles or
>  medical supplies available in the occupied territory, except for use
>  by the occupation forces and administration personnel, and then only
>  if the requirements of the civilian population have been taken into
>  account. Subject to the provisions of other international Conventions,
>  the Occupying Power shall make arrangements to ensure that fair value
>  is paid for any requisitioned goods.
>
>  The Protecting Power shall, at any time, be at liberty to verify the
>  state of the food and medical supplies in occupied territories, except
>  where temporary restrictions are made necessary by imperative military
>  requirements.
>
>  Art. 56. To the fullest extent of the means available to it, the
>  Occupying Power has the duty of ensuring and maintaining, with the
>  cooperation of national and local authorities, the medical and
>  hospital establishments and services, public health and hygiene in the
>  occupied territory, with particular reference to the adoption and
>  application of the prophylactic and preventive measures necessary to
>  combat the spread of contagious diseases and epidemics. Medical
>  personnel of all categories shall be allowed to carry out their
>  duties.
>
>  If new hospitals are set up in occupied territory and if the competent
>  organs of the occupied State are not operating there, the occupying
>  authorities shall, if necessary, grant them the recognition provided
>  for in Article 18. In similar circumstances, the occupying authorities
>  shall also grant recognition to hospital personnel and transport
>  vehicles under the provisions of Articles 20 and 21.
>
>  In adopting measures of health and hygiene and in their
>  implementation, the Occupying Power shall take into consideration the
>  moral and ethical susceptibilities of the population of the occupied
>  territory.
>
>  Art. 57. The Occupying Power may requisition civilian hospitals of
>  hospitals only temporarily and only in cases of urgent necessity for
>  the care of military wounded and sick, and then on condition that
>  suitable arrangements are made in due time for the care and treatment
>  of the patients and for the needs of the civilian population for
>  hospital accommodation.
>
>  The material and stores of civilian hospitals cannot be requisitioned
>  so long as they are necessary for the needs of the civilian
>  population.
>
>  Art. 58. The Occupying Power shall permit ministers of religion to
>  give spiritual assistance to the members of their religious
>  communities.
>
>  The Occupying Power shall also accept consignments of books and
>  articles required for religious needs and shall facilitate their
>  distribution in occupied territory.
>
>  Art. 59. If the whole or part of the population of an occupied
>  territory is inadequately supplied, the Occupying Power shall agree to
>  relief schemes on behalf of the said population, and shall facilitate
>  them by all the means at its disposal.
>
>  Such schemes, which may be undertaken either by States or by impartial
>  humanitarian organizations such as the International Committee of the
>  Red Cross, shall consist, in particular, of the provision of
>  consignments of foodstuffs, medical supplies and clothing.
>
>  All Contracting Parties shall permit the free passage of these
>  consignments and shall guarantee their protection.
>
>  A Power granting free passage to consignments on their way to
>  territory occupied by an adverse Party to the conflict shall, however,
>  have the right to search the consignments, to regulate their passage
>  according to prescribed times and routes, and to be reasonably
>  satisfied through the Protecting Power that these consignments are to
>  be used for the relief of the needy population and are not to be used
>  for the benefit of the Occupying Power.
>
>  Art. 60. Relief consignments shall in no way relieve the Occupying
>  Power of any of its responsibilities under Articles 55, 56 and 59. The
>  Occupying Power shall in no way whatsoever divert relief consignments
>  from the purpose for which they are intended, except in cases of
>  urgent necessity, in the interests of the population of the occupied
>  territory and with the consent of the Protecting Power.
>
>  Art. 61. The distribution of the relief consignments referred to in
>  the foregoing Articles shall be carried out with the cooperation and
>  under the supervision of the Protecting Power. This duty may also be
>  delegated, by agreement between the Occupying Power and the Protecting
>  Power, to a neutral Power, to the International Committee of the Red
>  Cross or to any other impartial humanitarian body.
>
>  Such consignments shall be exempt in occupied territory from all
>  charges, taxes or customs duties unless these are necessary in the
>  interests of the economy of the territory. The Occupying Power shall
>  facilitate the rapid distribution of these consignments.
>
>  All Contracting Parties shall endeavour to permit the transit and
>  transport, free of charge, of such relief consignments on their way to
>  occupied territories.
>
>  Art. 62. Subject to imperative reasons of security, protected persons
>  in occupied territories shall be permitted to receive the individual
>  relief consignments sent to them.
>
>  Art. 63. Subject to temporary and exceptional measures imposed for
>  urgent reasons of security by the Occupying Power:
>
>  (a) recognized National Red Cross (Red Crescent, Red Lion and Sun)
>  Societies shall be able to pursue their activities in accordance with
>  Red Cross principles, as defined by the International Red Cross
>  Conferences. Other relief societies shall be permitted to continue
>  their humanitarian activities under similar conditions;
>  (b) the Occupying Power may not require any changes in the personnel
>  or structure of these societies, which would prejudice the aforesaid
>  activities.
>
>  The same principles shall apply to the activities and personnel of
>  special organizations of a non-military character, which already exist
>  or which may be established, for the purpose of ensuring the living
>  conditions of the civilian population by the maintenance of the
>  essential public utility services, by the distribution of relief and
>  by the organization of rescues.
>
>  Art. 64. The penal laws of the occupied territory shall remain in
>  force, with the exception that they may be repealed or suspended by
>  the Occupying Power in cases where they constitute a threat to its
>  security or an obstacle to the application of the present Convention.
>
>  Subject to the latter consideration and to the necessity for ensuring
>  the effective administration of justice, the tribunals of the occupied
>  territory shall continue to function in respect of all offences
>  covered by the said laws.
>
>  The Occupying Power may, however, subject the population of the
>  occupied territory to provisions which are essential to enable the
>  Occupying Power to fulfil its obligations under the present
>  Convention, to maintain the orderly government of the territory, and
>  to ensure the security of the Occupying Power, of the members and
>  property of the occupying forces or administration, and likewise of
>  the establishments and lines of communication used by them.
>
>  Art. 65. The penal provisions enacted by the Occupying Power shall not
>  come into force before they have been published and brought to the
>  knowledge of the inhabitants in their own language. The effect of
>  these penal provisions shall not be retroactive.
>
>  Art. 66. In case of a breach of the penal provisions promulgated by it
>  by virtue of the second paragraph of Article 64 the Occupying Power
>  may hand over the accused to its properly constituted, non-political
>  military courts, on condition that the said courts sit in the occupied
>  country. Courts of appeal shall preferably sit in the occupied
>  country.
>
>  Art. 67. The courts shall apply only those provisions of law which
>  were applicable prior to the offence, and which are in accordance with
>  general principles of law, in particular the principle that the
>  penalty shall be proportionate to the offence. They shall take into
>  consideration the fact the accused is not a national of the Occupying
>  Power.
>
>  Art. 68. Protected persons who commit an offence which is solely
>  intended to harm the Occupying Power, but which does not constitute an
>  attempt on the life or limb of members of the occupying forces or
>  administration, nor a grave collective danger, nor seriously damage
>  the property of the occupying forces or administration or the
>  installations used by them, shall be liable to internment or simple
>  imprisonment, provided the duration of such internment or imprisonment
>  is proportionate to the offence committed. Furthermore, internment or
>  imprisonment shall, for such offences, be the only measure adopted for
>  depriving protected persons of liberty. The courts provided for under
>  Article 66 of the present Convention may at their discretion convert a
>  sentence of imprisonment to one of internment for the same period.
>
>  The penal provisions promulgated by the Occupying Power in accordance
>  with Articles 64 and 65 may impose the death penalty against a
>  protected person only in cases where the person is guilty of
>  espionage, of serious acts of sabotage against the military
>  installations of the Occupying Power or of intentional offences which
>  have caused the death of one or more persons, provided that such
>  offences were punishable by death under the law of the occupied
>  territory in force before the occupation began.
>
>  The death penalty may not be pronounced against a protected person
>  unless the attention of the court has been particularly called to the
>  fact that since the accused is not a national of the Occupying Power,
>  he is not bound to it by any duty of allegiance.
>
>  In any case, the death penalty may not be pronounced on a protected
>  person who was under eighteen years of age at the time of the offence.
>
>  Art. 69. In all cases the duration of the period during which a
>  protected person accused of an offence is under arrest awaiting trial
>  or punishment shall be deducted from any period of imprisonment of
>  awarded.
>
>  Art. 70. Protected persons shall not be arrested, prosecuted or
>  convicted by the Occupying Power for acts committed or for opinions
>  expressed before the occupation, or during a temporary interruption
>  thereof, with the exception of breaches of the laws and customs of
>  war.
>
>  Nationals of the occupying Power who, before the outbreak of
>  hostilities, have sought refuge in the territory of the occupied
>  State, shall not be arrested, prosecuted, convicted or deported from
>  the occupied territory, except for offences committed after the
>  outbreak of hostilities, or for offences under common law committed
>  before the outbreak of hostilities which, according to the law of the
>  occupied State, would have justified extradition in time of peace.
>
>  Art. 71. No sentence shall be pronounced by the competent courts of
>  the Occupying Power except after a regular trial.
>
>  Accused persons who are prosecuted by the Occupying Power shall be
>  promptly informed, in writing, in a language which they understand, of
>  the particulars of the charges preferred against them, and shall be
>  brought to trial as rapidly as possible. The Protecting Power shall be
>  informed of all proceedings instituted by the Occupying Power against
>  protected persons in respect of charges involving the death penalty or
>  imprisonment for two years or more; it shall be enabled, at any time,
>  to obtain information regarding the state of such proceedings.
>  Furthermore, the Protecting Power shall be entitled, on request, to be
>  furnished with all particulars of these and of any other proceedings
>  instituted by the Occupying Power against protected persons.
>
>  The notification to the Protecting Power, as provided for in the
>  second paragraph above, shall be sent immediately, and shall in any
>  case reach the Protecting Power three weeks before the date of the
>  first hearing. Unless, at the opening of the trial, evidence is
>  submitted that the provisions of this Article are fully complied with,
>  the trial shall not proceed. The notification shall include the
>  following particulars:
>  (a) description of the accused;
>  (b) place of residence or detention;
>  (c) specification of the charge or charges (with mention of the penal
>  provisions under which it is brought);
>  (d) designation of the court which will hear the case;
>  (e) place and date of the first hearing.
>
>  Art. 72. Accused persons shall have the right to present evidence
>  necessary to their defence and may, in particular, call witnesses.
>  They shall have the right to be assisted by a qualified advocate or
>  counsel of their own choice, who shall be able to visit them freely
>  and shall enjoy the necessary facilities for preparing the defence.
>
>  Failing a choice by the accused, the Protecting Power may provide him
>  with an advocate or counsel. When an accused person has to meet a
>  serious charge and the Protecting Power is not functioning, the
>  Occupying Power, subject to the consent of the accused, shall provide
>  an advocate or counsel.
>
>  Accused persons shall, unless they freely waive such assistance, be
>  aided by an interpreter, both during preliminary investigation and
>  during the hearing in court. They shall have the right at any time to
>  object to the interpreter and to ask for his replacement.
>
>  Art.73. A convicted person shall have the right of appeal provided for
>  by the laws applied by the court. He shall be fully informed of his
>  right to appeal or petition and of the time limit within which he may
>  do so.
>
>  The penal procedure provided in the present Section shall apply, as
>  far as it is applicable, to appeals. Where the laws applied by the
>  Court make no provision for appeals, the convicted person shall have
>  the right to petition against the finding and sentence to the
>  competent authority of the Occupying Power.
>
>  Art. 74. Representatives of the Protecting Power shall have the right
>  to attend the trial of any protected person, unless the hearing has,
>  as an exceptional measure, to be held in camera in the interests of
>  the security of the Occupying Power, which shall then notify the
>  Protecting Power. A notification in respect of the date and place of
>  trial shall be sent to the Protecting Power.
>
>  Any judgement involving a sentence of death, or imprisonment for two
>  years or more, shall be communicated, with the relevant grounds, as
>  rapidly as possible to the Protecting Power. The notification shall
>  contain a reference to the notification made under Article 71 and, in
>  the case of sentences of imprisonment, the name of the place where the
>  sentence is to be served. A record of judgements other than those
>  referred to above shall be kept by the court and shall be open to
>  inspection by representatives of the Protecting Power. Any period
>  allowed for appeal in the case of sentences involving the death
>  penalty, or imprisonment of two years or more, shall not run until
>  notification of judgement has been received by the Protecting Power.
>
>  Art. 75. In no case shall persons condemned to death be deprived of
>  the right of petition for pardon or reprieve.
>
>  No death sentence shall be carried out before the expiration of a
>  period of a least six months from the date of receipt by the
>  Protecting Power of the notification of the final judgment confirming
>  such death sentence, or of an order denying pardon or reprieve.
>
>  The six months period of suspension of the death sentence herein
>  prescribed may be reduced in individual cases in circumstances of
>  grave emergency involving an organized threat to the security of the
>  Occupying Power or its forces, provided always that the Protecting
>  Power is notified of such reduction and is given reasonable time and
>  opportunity to make representations to the competent occupying
>  authorities in respect of such death sentences.
>
>  Art. 76. Protected persons accused of offences shall be detained in
>  the occupied country, and if convicted they shall serve their
>  sentences therein. They shall, if possible, be separated from other
>  detainees and shall enjoy conditions of food and hygiene which will be
>  sufficient to keep them in good health, and which will be at least
>  equal to those obtaining in prisons in the occupied country.
>
>  They shall receive the medical attention required by their state of
>  health.
>
>  They shall also have the right to receive any spiritual assistance
>  which they may require.
>
>  Women shall be confined in separate quarters and shall be under the
>  direct supervision of women.
>
>  Proper regard shall be paid to the special treatment due to minors.
>
>  Protected persons who are detained shall have the right to be visited
>  by delegates of the Protecting Power and of the International
>  Committee of the Red Cross, in accordance with the provisions of
>  Article 143.
>
>  Such persons shall have the right to receive at least one relief
>  parcel monthly.
>
>  Art. 77. Protected persons who have been accused of offences or
>  convicted by the courts in occupied territory, shall be handed over at
>  the close of occupation, with the relevant records, to the authorities
>  of the liberated territory.
>
>  Art. 78. If the Occupying Power considers it necessary, for imperative
>  reasons of security, to take safety measures concerning protected
>  persons, it may, at the most, subject them to assigned residence or to
>  internment.
>
>  Decisions regarding such assigned residence or internment shall be
>  made according to a regular procedure to be prescribed by the
>  Occupying Power in accordance with the provisions of the present
>  Convention. This procedure shall include the right of appeal for the
>  parties concerned. Appeals shall be decided with the least possible
>  delay. In the event of the decision being upheld, it shall be subject
>  to periodical review, if possible every six months, by a competent
>  body set up by the said Power.
>
>  Protected persons made subject to assigned residence and thus required
>  to leave their homes shall enjoy the full benefit of Article 39 of the
>  present Convention.
>
>
>  Section IV. Regulations for the treatment of internees
>
>  Chapter I. General provisions
>
>  Art. 79. The Parties to the conflict shall not intern protected
>  persons, except in accordance with the provisions of Articles 41, 42,
>  43, 68 and 78.
>
>  Art. 80. Internees shall retain their full civil capacity and shall
>  exercise such attendant rights as may be compatible with their status.
>
>  Art. 81. Parties to the conflict who intern protected persons shall be
>  bound to provide free of charge for their maintenance, and to grant
>  them also the medical attention required by their state of health.
>
>  No deduction from the allowances, salaries or credits due to the
>  internees shall be made for the repayment of these costs.
>
>  The Detaining Power shall provide for the support of those dependent
>  on the internees, if such dependents are without adequate means of
>  support or are unable to earn a living.
>
>  Art.82. The Detaining Power shall, as far as possible, accommodate the
>  internees according to their nationality, language and customs.
>  Internees who are nationals of the same country shall not be separated
>  merely because they have different languages.
>
>  Throughout the duration of their internment, members of the same
>  family, and in particular parents and children, shall be lodged
>  together in the same place of internment, except when separation of a
>  temporary nature is necessitated for reasons of employment or health
>  or for the purposes of enforcement of the provisions of Chapter IX of
>  the present Section. Internees may request that their children who are
>  left at liberty without parental care shall be interned with them.
>
>  Wherever possible, interned members of the same family shall be housed
>  in the same premises and given separate accommodation from other
>  internees, together with facilities for leading a proper family life.
>
>  Chapter II. Places of Internment
>
>  Art. 83. The Detaining Power shall not set up places of internment in
>  areas particularly exposed to the dangers of war.
>
>  The Detaining Power shall give the enemy Powers, through the
>  intermediary of the Protecting Powers, all useful information
>  regarding the geographical location of places of internment.
>
>  Whenever military considerations permit, internment camps shall be
>  indicated by the letters IC, placed so as to be clearly visible in the
>  daytime from the air. The Powers concerned may, however, agree upon
>  any other system of marking. No place other than an internment camp
>  shall be marked as such.
>
>  Art.84. Internees shall be accommodated and administered separately
>  from prisoners of war and from persons deprived of liberty for any
>  other reason.
>
>  Art. 85. The Detaining Power is bound to take all necessary and
>  possible measures to ensure that protected persons shall, from the
>  outset of their internment, be accommodated in buildings or quarters
>  which afford every possible safeguard as regards hygiene and health,
>  and provide efficient protection against the rigours of the climate
>  and the effects of the war. In no case shall permanent places of
>  internment be situated in unhealthy areas or in districts, the climate
>  of which is injurious to the internees. In all cases where the
>  district, in which a protected person is temporarily interned, is in
>  an unhealthy area or has a climate which is harmful to his health, he
>  shall be removed to a more suitable place of internment as rapidly as
>  circumstances permit.
>
>  The premises shall be fully protected from dampness, adequately heated
>  and lighted, in particular between dusk and lights out. The sleeping
>  quarters shall be sufficiently spacious and well ventilated, and the
>  internees shall have suitable bedding and sufficient blankets, account
>  being taken of the climate, and the age, sex, and state of health of
>  the internees.
>
>  Internees shall have for their use, day and night, sanitary
>  conveniences which conform to the rules of hygiene, and are constantly
>  maintained in a state of cleanliness. They shall be provided with
>  sufficient water and soap for their daily personal toilet and for
>  washing their personal laundry; installations and facilities necessary
>  for this purpose shall be granted to them. Showers or baths shall also
>  be available. The necessary time shall be set aside for washing and
>  for cleaning.
>
>  Whenever it is necessary, as an exceptional and temporary measure, to
>  accommodate women internees who are not members of a family unit in
>  the same place of internment as men, the provision of separate
>  sleeping quarters and sanitary conveniences for the use of such women
>  internees shall be obligatory.
>
>  Art. 86. The Detaining Power shall place at the disposal of interned
>  persons, of whatever denomination, premises suitable for the holding
>  of their religious services.
>
>  Art. 87. Canteens shall be installed in every place of internment,
>  except where other suitable facilities are available. Their purpose
>  shall be to enable internees to make purchases, at prices not higher
>  than local market prices, of foodstuffs and articles of everyday use,
>  including soap and tobacco, such as would increase their personal well-
>  being and comfort.
>
>  Profits made by canteens shall be credited to a welfare fund to be set
>  up for each place of internment, and administered for the benefit of
>  the internees attached to such place of internment. The Internee
>  Committee provided for in Article 102 shall have the right to check
>  the management of the canteen and of the said fund.
>
>  When a place of internment is closed down, the balance of the welfare
>  fund shall be transferred to the welfare fund of a place of internment
>  for internees of the same nationality, or, if such a place does not
>  exist, to a central welfare fund which shall be administered for the
>  benefit of all internees remaining in the custody of the Detaining
>  Power. In case of a general release, the said profits shall be kept by
>  the Detaining Power, subject to any agreement to the contrary between
>  the Powers concerned.
>
>  Art. 88. In all places of internment exposed to air raids and other
>  hazards of war, shelters adequate in number and structure to ensure
>  the necessary protection shall be installed. In case of alarms, the
>  measures internees shall be free to enter such shelters as quickly as
>  possible, excepting those who remain for the protection of their
>  quarters against the aforesaid hazards. Any protective measures taken
>  in favour of the population shall also apply to them.
>
>  All due precautions must be taken in places of internment against the
>  danger of fire.
>
>  Chapter III. Food and Clothing
>
>  Art. 89. Daily food rations for internees shall be sufficient in
>  quantity, quality and variety to keep internees in a good state of
>  health and prevent the development of nutritional deficiencies.
>  Account shall also be taken of the customary diet of the internees.
>
>  Internees shall also be given the means by which they can prepare for
>  themselves any additional food in their possession.
>
>  Sufficient drinking water shall be supplied to internees. The use of
>  tobacco shall be permitted.
>
>  Internees who work shall receive additional rations in proportion to
>  the kind of labour which they perform.
>
>  Expectant and nursing mothers and children under fifteen years of age,
>  shall be given additional food, in proportion to their physiological
>  needs.
>
>  Art. 90. When taken into custody, internees shall be given all
>  facilities to provide themselves with the necessary clothing, footwear
>  and change of underwear, and later on, to procure further supplies if
>  required. Should any internees not have sufficient clothing, account
>  being taken of the climate, and be unable to procure any, it shall be
>  provided free of charge to them by the Detaining Power.
>
>  The clothing supplied by the Detaining Power to internees and the
>  outward markings placed on their own clothes shall not be ignominious
>  nor expose them to ridicule.
>
>  Workers shall receive suitable working outfits, including protective
>  clothing, whenever the nature of their work so requires.
>
>
>  Chapter IV. Hygiene and Medical Attention
>
>  Art. 91. Every place of internment shall have an adequate infirmary,
>  under the direction of a qualified doctor, where internees may have
>  the attention they require, as well as an appropriate diet. Isolation
>  wards shall be set aside for cases of contagious or mental diseases.
>
>  Maternity cases and internees suffering from serious diseases, or
>  whose condition requires special treatment, a surgical operation or
>  hospital care, must be admitted to any institution where adequate
>  treatment can be given and shall receive care not inferior to that
>  provided for the general population.
>
>  Internees shall, for preference, have the attention of medical
>  personnel of their own nationality.
>
>  Internees may not be prevented from presenting themselves to the
>  medical authorities for examination. The medical authorities of the
>  Detaining Power shall, upon request, issue to every internee who has
>  undergone treatment an official certificate showing the nature of his
>  illness or injury, and the duration and nature of the treatment given.
>  A duplicate of this certificate shall be forwarded to the Central
>  Agency provided for in Article 140.
>
>  Treatment, including the provision of any apparatus necessary for the
>  maintenance of internees in good health, particularly dentures and
>  other artificial appliances and spectacles, shall be free of charge to
>  the internee.
>
>  Art. 92. Medical inspections of internees shall be made at least once
>  a month. Their purpose shall be, in particular, to supervise the
>  general state of health, nutrition and cleanliness of internees, and
>  to detect contagious diseases, especially tuberculosis, malaria, and
>  venereal diseases. Such inspections shall include, in particular, the
>  checking of weight of each internee and, at least once a year,
>  radioscopic examination.
>
>
>  Chapter V. Religious, Intellectual and Physical Activities
>
>  Art. 93. Internees shall enjoy complete latitude in the exercise of
>  their religious duties, including attendance at the services of their
>  faith, on condition that they comply with the disciplinary routine
>  prescribed by the detaining authorities.
>
>  Ministers of religion who are interned shall be allowed to minister
>  freely to the members of their community. For this purpose the
>  Detaining Power shall ensure their equitable allocation amongst the
>  various places of internment in which there are internees speaking the
>  same language and belonging to the same religion. Should such
>  ministers be too few in number, the Detaining Power shall provide them
>  with the necessary facilities, including means of transport, for
>  moving from one place to another, and they shall be authorized to
>  visit any internees who are in hospital. Ministers of religion shall
>  be at liberty to correspond on matters concerning their ministry with
>  the religious authorities in the country of detention and, as far as
>  possible, with the international religious organizations of their
>  faith. Such correspondence shall not be considered as forming a part
>  of the quota mentioned in Article 107. It shall, however, be subject
>  to the provisions of Article 112.
>
>  When internees do not have at their disposal the assistance of
>  ministers of their faith, or should these latter be too few in number,
>  the local religious authorities of the same faith may appoint, in
>  agreement with the Detaining Power, a minister of the internees' faith
>  or, if such a course is feasible from a denominational point of view,
>  a minister of similar religion or a qualified layman. The latter shall
>  enjoy the facilities granted to the ministry he has assumed. Persons
>  so appointed shall comply with all regulations laid down by the
>  Detaining Power in the interests of discipline and security.
>
>  Art. 94. The Detaining Power shall encourage intellectual, educational
>  and recreational pursuits, sports and games amongst internees, whilst
>  leaving them free to take part in them or not. It shall take all
>  practicable measures to ensure the exercice thereof, in particular by
>  providing suitable premises.
>
>  All possible facilities shall be granted to internees to continue
>  their studies or to take up new subjects. The education of children
>  and young people shall be ensured; they shall be allowed to attend
>  schools either within the place of internment or outside.
>
>  Internees shall be given opportunities for physical exercise, sports
>  and outdoor games. For this purpose, sufficient open spaces shall be
>  set aside in all places of internment. Special playgrounds shall be
>  reserved for children and young people.
>
>  Art. 95. The Detaining Power shall not employ internees as workers,
>  unless they so desire. Employment which, if undertaken under
>  compulsion by a protected person not in internment, would involve a
>  breach of Articles 40 or 51 of the present Convention, and employment
>  on work which is of a degrading or humiliating character are in any
>  case prohibited.
>
>  After a working period of six weeks, internees shall be free to give
>  up work at any moment, subject to eight days' notice.
>
>  These provisions constitute no obstacle to the right of the Detaining
>  Power to employ interned doctors, dentists and other medical personnel
>  in their professional capacity on behalf of their fellow internees, or
>  to employ internees for administrative and maintenance work in places
>  of internment and to detail such persons for work in the kitchens or
>  for other domestic tasks, or to require such persons to undertake
>  duties connected with the protection of internees against aerial
>  bombardment or other war risks. No internee may, however, be required
>  to perform tasks for which he is, in the opinion of a medical officer,
>  physically unsuited.
>
>  The Detaining Power shall take entire responsibility for all working
>  conditions, for medical attention, for the payment of wages, and for
>  ensuring that all employed internees receive compensation for
>  occupational accidents and diseases. The standards prescribed for the
>  said working conditions and for compensation shall be in accordance
>  with the national laws and regulations, and with the existing
>  practice; they shall in no case be inferior to those obtaining for
>  work of the same nature in the same district. Wages for work done
>  shall be determined on an equitable basis by special agreements
>  between the internees, the Detaining Power, and, if the case arises,
>  employers other than the Detaining Power to provide for free
>  maintenance of internees and for the medical attention which their
>  state of health may require. Internees permanently detailed for
>  categories of work mentioned in the third paragraph of this Article,
>  shall be paid fair wages by the Detaining Power. The working
>  conditions and the scale of compensation for occupational accidents
>  and diseases to internees, thus
>  detailed, shall not be inferior to those applicable to work of the
>  same nature in the same district.
>
>  Art.96. All labour detachments shall remain part of and dependent upon
>  a place of internment. The competent authorities of the Detaining
>  Power and the commandant of a place of internment shall be responsible
>  for the observance in a labour detachment of the provisions of the
>  present Convention. The commandant shall keep an up-to-date list of
>  the labour detachments subordinate to him and shall communicate it to
>  the delegates of the Protecting Power, of the International Committee
>  of the Red Cross and of other humanitarian organizations who may visit
>  the places of internment.
>
>
>  Chapter VI. Personal Property and Financial Resources
>
>  Art. 97. Internees shall be permitted to retain articles of personal
>  use. Monies, cheques, bonds, etc., and valuables in their possession
>  may not be taken from them except in accordance with established
>  procedure. Detailed receipts shall be given therefor.
>
>  The amounts shall be paid into the account of every internee as
>  provided for in Article 98. Such amounts may not be converted into any
>  other currency unless legislation in force in the territory in which
>  the owner is interned so requires or the internee gives his consent.
>
>  Articles which have above all a personal or sentimental value may not
>  be taken away.
>
>  A woman internee shall not be searched except by a woman.
>
>  On release or repatriation, internees shall be given all articles,
>  monies or other valuables taken from them during internment and shall
>  receive in currency the balance of any credit to their accounts kept
>  in accordance with Article 98, with the exception of any articles or
>  amounts withheld by the Detaining Power by virtue of its legislation
>  in force. If the property of an internee is so withheld, the owner
>  shall receive a detailed receipt.
>
>  Family or identity documents in the possession of internees may not be
>  taken away without a receipt being given. At no time shall internees
>  be left without identity documents. If they have none, they shall be
>  issued with special documents drawn up by the detaining authorities,
>  which will serve as their identity papers until the end of their
>  internment.
>
>  Internees may keep on their persons a certain amount of money, in cash
>  or in the shape of purchase coupons, to enable them to make purchases.
>
>  Art. 98. All internees shall receive regular allowances, sufficient to
>  enable them to purchase goods and articles, such as tobacco, toilet
>  requisites, etc. Such allowances may take the form of credits or
>  purchase coupons.
>
>  Furthermore, internees may receive allowances from the Power to which
>  they owe allegiance, the Protecting Powers, the organizations which
>  may assist them, or their families, as well as the income on their
>  property in accordance with the law of the Detaining Power. The amount
>  of allowances granted by the Power to which they o~e allegiance shall
>  be the same for each category of internees (infirm, sick, pregnant
>  women, etc.) but may not be allocated by that Power or distributed by
>  the Detaining Power on the basis of discriminations between internees
>  which are prohibited by Article 27 of the present Convention.
>
>  The Detaining Power shall open a regular account for every internee,
>  to which shall be credited the allowances named in the present
>  Article, the wages earned and the remittances received, together with
>  such sums taken from him as may be available under the legislation in
>  force in the territory in which he is interned. Internees shall be
>  granted all facilities consistent with the legislation in force in
>  such territory to make remittances to their families and to other
>  dependants. They may draw from their accounts the amounts necessary
>  for their personal expenses, within the limits fixed by the Detaining
>  Power. They shall at all times be afforded reasonable facilities for
>  consulting and obtaining copies of their accounts. A statement of
>  accounts shall be furnished to the Protecting Power, on request, and
>  shall accompany the internee in case of transfer.
>
>  Chapter VII. Administration and Discipline
>
>  Art. 99. Every place of internment shall be put under the authority of
>  a responsible officer, chosen from the regular military forces or the
>  regular civil administration of the Detaining Power. The officer in
>  charge of the place of internment must have in his possession a copy
>  of the present Convention in the official language, or one of the
>  official languages, of his country and shall be responsible for its
>  application. The staff in control of internees shall be instructed in
>  the provisions of the present Convention and of the administrative
>  measures adopted to ensure its application.
>
>  The text of the present Convention and the texts of special agreements
>  concluded under the said Convention shall be posted inside the place
>  of internment, in a language which the internees understand, or shall
>  be in the possession of the Internee Committee.
>
>  Regulations, orders, notices and publications of every kind shall be
>  communicated to the internees and posted inside the places of
>  internment, in a language which they understand.
>
>  Every order and command addressed to internees individually must,
>  likewise, be given in a language which they understand.
>
>  Art. 100. The disciplinary regime in places of internment shall be
>  consistent with humanitarian principles, and shall in no circumstances
>  include regulations imposing on internees any physical exertion
>  dangerous to their health or involving physical or moral
>  victimization. Identification by tattooing or imprinting signs or
>  markings on the body, is prohibited.
>
>  In particular, prolonged standing and roll-calls, punishment drill,
>  military drill and manoeuvres, or the reduction of food rations, are
>  prohibited.
>
>  Art. 101. Internees shall have the right to present to the authorities
>  in whose power they are, any petition with regard to the conditions of
>  internment to which they are subjected.
>
>  They shall also have the right to apply without restriction through
>  the Internee Committee or, if they consider it necessary, direct to
>  the representatives of the Protecting Power, in order to indicate to
>  them any points on which they may have complaints to make with regard
>  to the conditions of internment.
>
>  Such petitions and complaints shall be transmitted forthwith and
>  without alteration, and even if the latter are recognized to be
>  unfounded, they may not occasion any punishment.
>
>  Periodic reports on the situation in places of internment and as to
>  the needs of the internees may be sent by the Internee Committees to
>  the representatives of the Protecting Powers.
>
>  Art. 102. In every place of internment, the internees shall freely
>  elect by secret ballot every six months, the members of a Committee
>  empowered to represent them before the Detaining and the Protecting
>  Powers, the International Committee of the Red Cross and any other
>  organization which may assist them. The members of the Committee shall
>  be eligible for re-election.
>
>  Internees so elected shall enter upon their duties after their
>  election has been approved by the detaining authorities. The reasons
>  for any refusals or dismissals shall be communicated to the Protecting
>  Powers concerned.
>
>  Art. 103. The Internee Committees shall further the physical,
>  spiritual and intellectual well-being of the internees.
>
>  In case the internees decide, in particular, to organize a system of
>  mutual assistance amongst themselves, this organization would be
>  within the competence of the Committees in addition to the special
>  duties entrusted to them under other provisions of the present
>  Convention.
>
>  Art. 104. Members of Internee Committees shall not be required to
>  perform any other work, if the accomplishment of their duties is
>  rendered more difficult thereby.
>
>  Members of Internee Committees may appoint from amongst the internees
>  such assistants as they may require. All material facilities shall be
>  granted to them, particularly a certain freedom of movement necessary
>  for the accomplishment of their duties (visits to labour detachments,
>  receipt of supplies, etc.).
>
>  All facilities shall likewise be accorded to members of Internee
>  Committees for communication by post and telegraph with the detaining
>  authorities, the Protecting Powers, the International Committee of the
>  Red Cross and their delegates, and with the organizations which give
>  assistance to internees. Committee members in labour detachments shall
>  enjoy similar facilities for communication with their Internee
>  Committee in the principal place of internment. Such communications
>  shall not be limited, nor considered as forming a part of the quota
>  mentioned in Article 107.
>
>  Members of Internee Committees who are transferred shall be allowed a
>  reasonable time to acquaint their successors with current affairs.
>
>
>  Chaper VIII. Relations with the Exterior
>
>  Art. 105. Immediately upon interning protected persons, the Detaining
>  Powers shall inform them, the Power to which they owe allegiance and
>  their Protecting Power of the measures taken for executing the
>  provisions of the present Chapter. The Detaining Powers shall likewise
>  inform the Parties concerned of any subsequent modifications of such
>  measures.
>
>  Art. 106. As soon as he is interned, or at the latest not more than
>  one week after his arrival in a place of internment, and likewise in
>  cases of sickness or transfer to another place of internment or to a
>  hospital, every internee shall be enabled to send direct to his
>  family, on the one hand, and to the Central Agency provided for by
>  Article 140, on the other, an internment card similar, if possible, to
>  the model annexed to the present Convention, informing his relatives
>  of his detention, address and state of health. The said cards shall be
>  forwarded as rapidly as possible and may not be delayed in any way.
>
>  Art. 107. Internees shall be allowed to send and receive letters and
>  cards. If the Detaining Power deems it necessary to limit the number
>  of letters and cards sent by each internee, the said number shall not
>  be less than two letters and four cards monthly; these shall be drawn
>  up so as to conform as closely as possible to the models annexed to
>  the present Convention. If limitations must be placed on the
>  correspondence addressed to internees, they may be ordered only by the
>  Power to which such internees owe allegiance, possibly at the request
>  of the Detaining Power. Such letters and cards must be conveyed with
>  reasonable despatch; they may not be delayed or retained for
>  disciplinary reasons.
>
>  Internees who have been a long time without news, or who find it
>  impossible to receive news from their relatives, or to give them news
>  by the ordinary postal route, as well as those who are at a
>  considerable distance from their homes, shall be allowed to send
>  telegrams, the charges being paid by them in the currency at their
>  disposal. They shall likewise benefit by this provision in cases which
>  are recognized to be urgent.
>
>  As a rule, internees' mail shall be written in their own language. The
>  Parties to the conflict may authorize correspondence in other
>  languages.
>
>  Art. 108. Internees shall be allowed to receive, by post or by any
>  other means, individual parcels or collective shipments containing in
>  particular foodstuffs, clothing, medical supplies, as well as books
>  and objects of a devotional, educational or recreational character
>  which may meet their needs. Such shipments shall in no way free the
>  Detaining Power from the obligations imposed upon it by virtue of the
>  present Convention.
>
>  Should military necessity require the quantity of such shipments to be
>  limited, due notice thereof shall be given to the Protecting Power and
>  to the International Committee of the Red Cross, or to any other
>  organization giving assistance to the internees and responsible for
>  the forwarding of such shipments.
>
>  The conditions for the sending of individual parcels and collective
>  shipments shall, if necessary, be the subject of special agreements
>  between the Powers concerned, which may in no case delay the receipt
>  by the internees of relief supplies. Parcels of clothing and
>  foodstuffs may not include books. Medical relief supplies shall, as a
>  rule, be sent in collective parcels.
>
>  Art. 109. In the absence of special agreements between Parties to the
>  conflict regarding the conditions for the receipt and distribution of
>  collective relief shipments, the regulations concerning collective
>  relief which are annexed to the present Convention shall be applied.
>
>  The special agreements provided for above shall in no case restrict
>  the right of Internee Committees to take possession of collective
>  relief shipments intended for internees, to undertake their
>  distribution and to dispose of them in the interests of the
>  recipients. Nor shall such agreements restrict the right of
>  representatives of the Protecting Powers, the International Committee
>  of the Red Cross, or any other organization giving assistance to
>  internees and responsible for the forwarding of collective shipments,
>  to supervise their distribution to the recipients.
>
>  Art. 110. An relief shipments for internees shall be exempt from
>  import, customs and other dues.
>
>  All matter sent by mail, including relief parcels sent by parcel post
>  and remittances of money, addressed from other countries to internees
>  or despatched by them through the post office, either direct or
>  through the Information Bureaux provided for in Article 136 and the
>  Central Information Agency provided for in Article 140, shall be
>  exempt from all postal dues both in the countries of origin and
>  destination and in intermediate countries. To this end, in particular,
>  the exemption provided by the Universal Postal Convention of 1947 and
>  by the agreements of the Universal Postal Union in favour of civilians
>  of enemy nationality detained in camps or civilian prisons, shall be
>  extended to the other interned persons protected by the present
>  Convention. The countries not signatory to the above-mentioned
>  agreements shall be bound to grant freedom from charges in the same
>  circumstances.
>
>  The cost of transporting relief shipments which are intended for
>  internees and which, by reason of their weight or any other cause,
>  cannot be sent through the post office, shall be borne by the
>  Detaining Power in all the territories under its control. Other Powers
>  which are Parties to the present Convention shall bear the cost of
>  transport in their respective territories.
>
>  Costs connected with the transport of such shipments, which are not
>  covered by the above paragraphs, shall be charged to the senders.
>
>  The High Contracting Parties shall endeavour to reduce, so far as
>  possible, the charges for telegrams sent by internees, or addressed to
>  them.
>
>  Art. 111. Should military operations prevent the Powers concerned from
>  fulfilling their obligation to ensure the conveyance of the mail and
>  relief shipments provided for in Articles 106, 107, 108 and 113, the
>  Protecting Powers concerned, the International Committee of the Red
>  Cross or any other organization duly approved by the Parties to the
>  conflict may undertake the conveyance of such shipments by suitable
>  means (rail, motor vehicles, vessels or aircraft, etc.). For this
>  purpose, the High Contracting Parties shall endeavour to supply them
>  with such transport, and to allow its circulation, especially by
>  granting the necessary safe-conducts.
>
>  Such transport may also be used to convey:
>  (a) correspondence, lists and reports exchanged between the Central
>  Information Agency referred to in Article 140 and the National Bureaux
>  referred to in Article 136;
>  (b) correspondence and reports relating to internees which the
>  Protecting Powers, the International Committee of the Red Cross or any
>  other organization assisting the internees exchange either with their
>  own delegates or with the Parties to the conflict.
>
>  These provisions in no way detract from the right of any Party to the
>  conflict to arrange other means of transport if it should so prefer,
>  nor preclude the granting of safe-conducts, under mutually agreed
>  conditions, to such means of transport.
>
>  The costs occasioned by the use of such means of transport shall be
>  borne, in proportion to the importance of the shipments, by the
>  Parties to the conflict whose nationals are benefited thereby.
>
>  Art. 112. The censoring of correspondence addressed to internees or
>  despatched by them shall be done as quickly as possible.
>
>  The examination of consignments intended for internees shall not be
>  carried out under conditions that will expose the goods contained in
>  them to deterioration. It shall be done in the presence of the
>  addressee, or of a fellow-internee duly delegated by him. The delivery
>  to internees of individual or collective consignments shall not be
>  delayed under the pretext of difficulties of censorship.
>
>  Any prohibition of correspondence ordered by the Parties to the
>  conflict either for military or political reasons, shall be only
>  temporary and its duration shall be as short as possible.
>
>  Art. 113. The Detaining Powers shall provide all reasonable execution
>  facilities for the transmission, through the Protecting Power or the
>  Central Agency provided for in Article 140, or as otherwise required,
>  of wills, powers of attorney, letters of authority, or any other
>  documents intended for internees or despatched by them.
>
>  In all cases the Detaining Powers shall facilitate the execution and
>  authentication in due legal form of such documents on behalf of
>  internees, in particular by allowing them to consult a lawyer.
>
>  Art. 114. The Detaining Power shall afford internees all facilities to
>  enable them to manage their property, provided this is not
>  incompatible with the conditions of internment and the law which is
>  applicable. For this purpose, the said Power may give them permission
>  to leave the place of internment in urgent cases and if circumstances
>  allow.
>
>  Art. 115. In all cases where an internee is a party to proceedings in
>  any court, the Detaining Power shall, if he so requests, cause the
>  court to be informed of his detention and shall, within legal limits,
>  ensure that all necessary steps are taken to prevent him from being in
>  any way prejudiced, by reason of his internment, as regards the
>  preparation and conduct of his case or as regards the execution of any
>  judgment of the court.
>
>  Art.116. Every internee shall be allowed to receive visitors,
>  especially near relatives, at regular intervals and as frequently as
>  possible.
>
>  As far as is possible, internees shall be permitted to visit their
>  homes in urgent cases, particularly in cases of death or serious
>  illness of relatives.
>
>
>  Chapter IX. Penal and Disciplinary Sanctions
>
>  Art. 117. Subject to the provisions of the present Chapter, the laws
>  in force in the territory in which they are detained will continue to
>  apply to internees who commit offences during internment.
>
>  If general laws, regulations or orders declare acts committed by
>  internees to be punishable, whereas the same acts are not punishable
>  when committed by persons who are not internees, such acts shall
>  entail disciplinary punishments only.
>
>  No internee may be punished more than once for the same act, or on the
>  same count.
>
>  Art. 118. The courts or authorities shall in passing sentence take as
>  far as possible into account the fact that the defendant is not a
>  national of the Detaining Power. They shall be free to reduce the
>  penalty prescribed for the offence with which the internee is charged
>  and shall not be obliged, to this end, to apply the minimum sentence
>  prescribed.
>
>  Imprisonment in premises without daylight, and, in general, all forms
>  of cruelty without exception are forbidden.
>
>  Internees who have served disciplinary or judicial sentences shall not
>  be treated differently from other internees.
>
>  The duration of preventive detention undergone by an internee shall be
>  deducted from any disciplinary or judicial penalty involving
>  confinement to which he may be sentenced.
>
>  Internee Committees shall be informed of all judicial proceedings
>  instituted against internees whom they represent, and of their result.
>
>  Art. 119. The disciplinary punishments applicable to internees shall
>  be the following:
>
>  (1) a fine which shall not exceed 50 per cent of the wages which the
>  internee would otherwise receive under the provisions of Article 95
>  during a period of not more than thirty days.
>  (2) discontinuance of privileges granted over and above the treatment
>  provided for by the present Convention
>  (3) fatigue duties, not exceeding two hours daily, in connection with
>  the maintenance of the place of internment.
>  (4) confinement.
>
>  In no case shall disciplinary penalties be inhuman, brutal or
>  dangerous for the health of internees. Account shall be taken of the
>  internee's age, sex and state of health.
>
>  The duration of any single punishment shall in no case exceed a
>  maximum of thirty consecutive days, even if the internee is answerable
>  for several breaches of discipline when his case is dealt with,
>  whether such breaches are connected or not.
>
>  Art. 120. Internees who are recaptured after having escaped or when
>  attempting to escape, shall be liable only to disciplinary punishment
>  in respect of this act, even if it is a repeated offence.
>
>  Article 118, paragraph 3, notwithstanding, internees punished as a
>  result of escape or attempt to escape, may be subjected to special
>  surveillance, on condition that such surveillance does not affect the
>  state of their health, that it is exercised in a place of internment
>  and that it does not entail the abolition of any of the safeguards
>  granted by the present Convention.
>
>  Internees who aid and abet an escape or attempt to escape, shall be
>  liable on this count to disciplinary punishment only.
>
>  Art. 121. Escape, or attempt to escape, even if it is a repeated
>  offence, shall not be deemed an aggravating circumstance in cases
>  where an internee is prosecuted for offences committed during his
>  escape.
>
>  The Parties to the conflict shall ensure that the competent
>  authorities exercise leniency in deciding whether punishment inflicted
>  for an offence shall be of a disciplinary or judicial nature,
>  especially in respect of acts committed in connection with an escape,
>  whether successful or not.
>
>  Art. 122. Acts which constitute offences against discipline shall be
>  investigated immediately. This rule shall be applied, in particular,
>  in cases of escape or attempt to escape. Recaptured internees shall be
>  handed over to the competent authorities as soon as possible.
>
>  In cases of offences against discipline, confinement awaiting trial
>  shall be reduced to an absolute minimum for all internees, and shall
>  not exceed fourteen days. Its duration shall in any case be deducted
>  from any sentence of confinement.
>
>  The provisions of Articles 124 and 125 shall apply to internees who
>  are in confinement awaiting trial for offences against discipline.
>
>  Art. 123. Without prejudice to the competence of courts and higher
>  authorities, disciplinary punishment may be ordered only by the
>  commandant of the place of internment, or by a responsible officer or
>  official who replaces him, or to whom he has delegated his
>  disciplinary powers.
>
>  Before any disciplinary punishment is awarded, the accused internee
>  shall be given precise information regarding the offences of which he
>  is accused, and given an opportunity of explaining his conduct and of
>  defending himself. He shall be permitted, in particular, to call
>  witnesses and to have recourse, if necessary, to the services of a
>  qualified interpreter. The decision shall be announced in the presence
>  of the accused and of a member of the Internee Committee.
>
>  The period elapsing between the time of award of a disciplinary
>  punishment and its execution shall not exceed one month.
>
>  When an internee is awarded a further disciplinary punishment, a
>  period of at least three days shall elapse between the execution of
>  any two of the punishments, if the duration of one of these is ten
>  days or more.
>
>  A record of disciplinary punishments shall be maintained by the
>  commandant of the place of internment and shall be open to inspection
>  by representatives of the Protecting Power.
>
>  Art. 124. Internees shall not in any case be transferred to
>  penitentiary establishments (prisons, penitentiaries, convict prisons,
>  etc.) to undergo disciplinary punishment therein.
>
>  The premises in which disciplinary punishments are undergone shall
>  conform
>  to sanitary requirements: they shall in particular be provided with
>  adequate bedding. Internees undergoing punishment shall be enabled to
>  keep themselves in a state of cleanliness.
>
>  Women internees undergoing disciplinary punishment shall be confined
>  in separate quarters from male internees and shall be under the
>  immediate supervision of women.
>
>  Art. 125. Internees awarded disciplinary punishment shall be allowed
>  to exercise and to stay in the open air at least two hours daily.
>
>  They shall be allowed, if they so request, to be present at the daily
>  medical inspections. They shall receive the attention which their
>  state of health requires and, if necessary, shall be removed to the
>  infirmary of the place of internment or to a hospital.
>
>  They shall have permission to read and write, likewise to send and
>  receive letters. Parcels and remittances of money, however, may be
>  withheld from them until the completion of their punishment; such
>  consignments shall meanwhile be entrusted to the Internee Committee,
>  who will hand over to the infirmary the perishable goods contained in
>  the parcels.
>
>  No internee given a disciplinary punishment may be deprived of the
>  benefit of the provisions of Articles 107 and 143 of the present
>  Convention.
>
>  Art. 126. The provisions of Articles 71 to 76 inclusive shall apply,
>  by analogy, to proceedings against internees who are in the national
>  territory of the Detaining Power.
>
>  Chapter X. Transfers of Internees
>
>  Art. 127. The transfer of internees shall always be effected humanely.
>  As a general rule, it shall be carried out by rail or other means of
>  transport, and under conditions at least equal to those obtaining for
>  the forces of the Detaining Power in their changes of station. If, as
>  an exceptional measure, such removals have to be effected on foot,
>  they may not take place unless the internees are in a fit state of
>  health, and may not in any case expose them to excessive fatigue.
>
>  The Detaining Power shall supply internees during transfer with
>  drinking water and food sufficient in quantity, quality and variety to
>  maintain them in good health, and also with the necessary clothing,
>  adequate shelter and the necessary medical attention. The Detaining
>  Power shall take all suitable precautions to ensure their safety
>  during transfer, and shall establish before their departure a complete
>  list of all internees transferred.
>
>  Sick, wounded or infirm internees and maternity cases shall not be
>  transferred if the journey would be seriously detrimental to them,
>  unless their safety imperatively so demands.
>
>  If the combat zone draws close to a place of internment, the internees
>  in the said place shall not be transferred unless their removal can be
>  carried out in adequate conditions of safety, or unless they are
>  exposed to greater risks by remaining on the spot than by being
>  transferred.
>
>  When making decisions regarding the transfer of internees, the
>  Detaining Power shall take their interests into account and, in
>  particular, shall not do anything to increase the difficulties of
>  repatriating them or returning them to their own homes.
>
>  Art. 128. In the event of transfer, internees shall be officially
>  advised of their departure and of their new postal address. Such
>  notification shall be given in time for them to pack their luggage and
>  inform their next of kin.
>
>  They shall be allowed to take with them their personal effects, and
>  the correspondence and parcels which have arrived for them. The weight
>  of such baggage may be limited if the conditions of transfer so
>  require, but in no case to less than twenty-five kilograms per
>  internee.
>
>  Mail and parcels addressed to their former place of internment shall
>  be forwarded to them without delay.
>
>  The commandant of the place of internment shall take, in agreement
>  with the Internee Committee, any measures needed to ensure the
>  transport of the internees' community property and of the luggage the
>  internees are unable to take with them in consequence of restrictions
>  imposed by virtue of the second paragraph.
>
>  Chapter XI. Deaths
>
>  Art. 129. The wills of internees shall be received for safe-keeping by
>  the responsible authorities; and if the event of the death of an
>  internee his will shall be transmitted without delay to a person whom
>  he has previously designated.
>  Deaths of internees shall be certified in every case by a doctor, and
>  a death certificate shall be made out, showing the causes of death and
>  the conditions under which it occurred.
>
>  An official record of the death, duly registered, shall be drawn up in
>  accordance with the procedure relating thereto in force in the
>  territory where the place of internment is situated, and a duly
>  certified copy of such record shall be transmitted without delay to
>  the Protecting Power as well as to the Central Agency referred to in
>  Article 140.
>
>  Art. 130. The detaining authorities shall ensure that internees who
>  die while interned are honourably buried, if possible according to the
>  rites of the religion to which they belonged and that their graves are
>  respected, properly maintained, and marked in such a way that they can
>  always be recognized.
>
>  Deceased internees shall be buried in individual graves unless
>  unavoidable circumstances require the use of collective graves. Bodies
>  may be cremated only for imperative reasons of hygiene, on account of
>  the religion of the deceased or in accordance with his expressed wish
>  to this effect. In case of cremation, the fact shall be stated and the
>  reasons given in the death certificate of the deceased. The ashes
>  shall be retained for safe-keeping by the detaining authorities and
>  shall be transferred as soon as possible to the next of kin on their
>  request.
>
>  As soon as circumstances permit, and not later than the close of
>  hostilities, the Detaining Power shall forward lists of graves of
>  deceased internees to the Powers on whom deceased internees depended,
>  through the Information Bureaux provided for in Article 136. Such
>  lists shall include all particulars necessary for the identification
>  of the deceased internees, as well as the exact location of their
>  graves.
>
>  Art. 131. Every death or serious injury of an internee, caused or
>  suspected to have been caused by a sentry, another internee or any
>  other person, as well as any death the cause of which is unknown,
>  shall be immediately followed by an official enquiry by the Detaining
>  Power.
>
>  A communication on this subject shall be sent immediately to the
>  Protecting Power. The evidence of any witnesses shall be taken, and a
>  report including such evidence shall be prepared and forwarded to the
>  said Protecting Power.
>
>  If the enquiry indicates the guilt of one or more persons, the
>  Detaining Power shall take all necessary steps to ensure the
>  prosecution of the person or persons responsible.
>
>  Chapter XIII. Release, Repatriation and Accommodation in Neutral
>  Countries
>
>  Art. 132. Each interned person shall be released by the Detaining
>  Power as soon as the reasons which necessitated his internment no
>  longer exist.
>
>  The Parties to the conflict shall, moreover, endeavour during the
>  course of hostilities, to conclude agreements for the release, the
>  repatriation, the return to places of residence or the accommodation
>  in a neutral country of certain classes of internees, in particular
>  children, pregnant women and mothers with infants and young children,
>  wounded and sick, and internees who have been detained for a long
>  time.
>
>  Art. 133. Internment shall cease as soon as possible after the close
>  of hostilities.
>
>  Internees in the territory of a Party to the conflict against whom
>  penal proceedings are pending for offences not exclusively subject to
>  disciplinary penalties, may be detained until the close of such
>  proceedings and, if circumstances require, until the completion of the
>  penalty. The same shall apply to internees who have been previously
>  sentenced to a punishment depriving them of liberty.
>
>  By agreement between the Detaining Power and the Powers concerned,
>  committees may be set up after the close of hostilities, or of the
>  occupation of territories, to search for dispersed internees.
>
>  Art. 134. The High Contracting Parties shall endeavour, upon the close
>  of hostilities or occupation, to ensure the return of all internees to
>  their last place of residence, or to facilitate their repatriation.
>
>  Art. 135. The Detaining Power shall bear the expense of returning
>  released internees to the places where they were residing when
>  interned, or, if it took them into custody while they were in transit
>  or on the high seas, the cost of completing their journey or of their
>  return to their point of departure.
>
>  Where a Detaining Power refuses permission to reside in its territory
>  to a released internee who previously had his permanent domicile
>  therein, such Detaining Power shall pay the cost of the said
>  internee's repatriation. If, however, the internee elects to return to
>  his country on his own responsibility or in obedience to the
>  Government of the Power to which he owes allegiance, the Detaining
>  Power need not pay the expenses of his journey beyond the point of his
>  departure from its territory. The Detaining Power need not pay the
>  cost of repatriation of an internee who was interned at his own
>  request.
>
>  If internees are transferred in accordance with Article 45, the
>  transferring and receiving Powers shall agree on the portion of the
>  above costs to be borne by each.
>
>  The foregoing shall not prejudice such special agreements as may be
>  concluded between Parties to the conflict concerning the exchange and
>  repatriation of their nationals in enemy hands.
>
>  Section V. Information Bureaux and Central Agency
>
>  Art. 136. Upon the outbreak of a conflict and in all cases of
>  occupation, each of the Parties to the conflict shall establish an
>  official Information Bureau responsible for receiving and transmitting
>  information in respect of the protected persons who are in its power.
>
>  Each of the Parties to the conflict shall, within the shortest
>  possible period, give its Bureau information of any measure taken by
>  it concerning any protected persons who are kept in custody for more
>  than two weeks, who are subjected to assigned residence or who are
>  interned. It shall, furthermore, require its various departments
>  concerned with such matters to provide the aforesaid Bureau promptly
>  with information concerning all changes pertaining to these protected
>  persons, as, for example, transfers, releases, repatriations, escapes,
>  admittances to hospitals, births and deaths.
>
>  Art. 137. Each national Bureau shall immediately forward information
>  concerning protected persons by the most rapid means to the Powers in
>  whose territory they resided, through the intermediary of the
>  Protecting Powers and likewise through the Central Agency provided for
>  in Article 140. The Bureaux shall also reply to all enquiries which
>  may be received regarding protected persons.
>
>  Information Bureaux shall transmit information concerning a protected
>  person unless its transmission might be detrimental to the person
>  concerned or to his or her relatives. Even in such a case, the
>  information may not be withheld from the Central Agency which, upon
>  being notified of the circumstances, will take the necessary
>  precautions indicated in Article 140.
>
>  All communications in writing made by any Bureau shall be
>  authenticated by a signature or a seal.
>
>  Art. 138. The information received by the national Bureau and
>  transmitted by it shall be of such a character as to make it possible
>  to identify the protected person exactly and to advise his next of kin
>  quickly. The information in respect of each person shall include at
>  least his surname, first names, place and date of birth, nationality
>  last residence and distinguishing characteristics, the first name of
>  the father and the maiden name of the mother, the date, place and
>  nature of the action taken with regard to the individual, the address
>  at which correspondence may be sent to him and the name and address of
>  the person to be informed.
>
>  Likewise, information regarding the state of health of internees who
>  are seriously ill or seriously wounded shall be supplied regularly and
>  if possible every week.
>
>  Art. 139. Each national Information Bureau shall, furthermore, be
>  responsible for collecting all personal valuables left by protected
>  persons mentioned in Article 136, in particular those who have been
>  repatriated or released, or who have escaped or died; it shall forward
>  the said valuables to those concerned, either direct, or, if
>  necessary, through the Central Agency. Such articles shall be sent by
>  the Bureau in sealed packets which shall be accompanied by statements
>  giving clear and full identity particulars of the person to whom the
>  articles belonged, and by a complete list of the contents of the
>  parcel. Detailed records shall be maintained of the receipt and
>  despatch of all such valuables.
>
>  Art. 140. A Central Information Agency for protected persons, in
>  particular for internees, shall be created in a neutral country. The
>  International Committee of the Red Cross shall, if it deems necessary,
>  propose to the Powers concerned the organization of such an Agency,
>  which may be the same as that provided for in Article 123 of the
>  Geneva Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War of 12
>  August 1949.
>
>  The function of the Agency shall be to collect all information of the
>  type set forth in Article 136 which it may obtain through official or
>  private channels and to transmit it as rapidly as possible to the
>  countries of origin or of residence of the persons concerned, except
>  in cases where such transmissions might be detrimental to the persons
>  whom the said information concerns, or to their relatives. It shall
>  receive from the Parties to the conflict all reasonable facilities for
>  effecting such transmissions.
>
>  The High Contracting Parties, and in particular those whose nationals
>  benefit by the services of the Central Agency, are requested to give
>  the said Agency the financial aid it may require.
>
>  The foregoing provisions shall in no way be interpreted as restricting
>  the humanitarian activities of the International Committee of the Red
>  Cross and of the relief Societies described in Article 142.
>
>  Art. 141. The national Information Bureaux and the Central Information
>  Agency shall enjoy free postage for all mail, likewise the exemptions
>  provided for in Article 110, and further, so far as possible,
>  exemption from telegraphic charges or, at least, greatly reduced
>  rates.
>
>
>  Part IV. Execution of the Convention
>
>  Section I. General Provisions
>
>  Art. 142. Subject to the measures which the Detaining Powers may
>  consider essential to ensure their security or to meet any other
>  reasonable need, the representatives of religious organizations,
>  relief societies, or any other organizations assisting the protected
>  persons, shall receive from these Powers, for themselves or their duly
>  accredited agents, all facilities for visiting the protected persons,
>  for distributing relief supplies and material from any source,
>  intended for educational, recreational or religious purposes, or for
>  assisting them in organizing their leisure time within the places of
>  internment. Such societies or organizations may be constituted in the
>  territory of the Detaining Power, or in any other country, or they may
>  have an international character.
>
>  The Detaining Power may limit the number of societies and
>  organizations whose delegates are allowed to carry out their
>  activities in its territory and under its supervision, on condition,
>  however, that such limitation shall not hinder the supply of effective
>  and adequate relief to all protected persons.
>
>  The special position of the International Committee of the Red Cross
>  in this field shall be recognized and respected at all times.
>
>  Art. 143. Representatives or delegates of the Protecting Powers shall
>  have permission to go to all places where protected persons are,
>  particularly to places of internment, detention and work.
>
>  They shall have access to all premises occupied by protected persons
>  and shall be able to interview the latter without witnesses,
>  personally or through an interpreter.
>
>  Such visits may not be prohibited except for reasons of imperative
>  military necessity, and then only as an exceptional and temporary
>  measure. Their duration and frequency shall not be restricted.
>
>  Such representatives and delegates shall have full liberty to select
>  the places they wish to visit. The Detaining or Occupying Power, the
>  Protecting Power and when occasion arises the Power of origin of the
>  persons to be visited, may agree that compatriots of the internees
>  shall be permitted to participate in the visits.
>
>  The delegates of the International Committee of the Red Cross shall
>  also enjoy the above prerogatives. The appointment of such delegates
>  shall be submitted to the approval of the Power governing the
>  territories where they will carry out their duties.
>
>  Art. 144. The High Contracting Parties undertake, in time of peace as
>  in time of war, to disseminate the text of the present Convention as
>  widely as possible in their respective countries, and, in particular,
>  to include the study thereof in their programmes of military and, if
>  possible, civil instruction, so that the principles thereof may become
>  known to the entire population.
>
>  Any civilian, military, police or other authorities, who in time of
>  war assume responsibilities in respect of protected persons, must
>  possess the text of the Convention and be specially instructed as to
>  its provisions.
>
>  Art. 145. The High Contracting Parties shall communicate to one
>  another through the Swiss Federal Council and, during hostilities,
>  through the Protecting Powers, the official translations of the
>  present Convention, as well as the laws and regulations which they may
>  adopt to ensure the application thereof.
>
>  Art. 146. The High Contracting Parties undertake to enact any
>  legislation necessary to provide effective penal sanctions for persons
>  committing, or ordering to be committed, any of the grave breaches of
>  the present Convention defined in the following Article.
>
>  Each High Contracting Party shall be under the obligation to search
>  for persons alleged to have committed, or to have ordered to be
>  committed, such grave breaches, and shall bring such persons,
>  regardless of their nationality, before its own courts. It may also,
>  if it prefers, and in accordance with the provisions of its own
>  legislation, hand such persons over for trial to another High
>  Contracting Party concerned, provided such High Contracting Party has
>  made out a prima facie case.
>
>  Each High Contracting Party shall take measures necessary for the
>  suppression of all acts contrary to the provisions of the present
>  Convention other than the grave breaches defined in the following
>  Article.
>
>  In all circumstances, the accused persons shall benefit by safeguards
>  of proper trial and defence, which shall not be less favourable than
>  those provided by Article 105 and those following of the Geneva
>  Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War of 12 August
>  1949.
>
>  Art. 147. Grave breaches to which the preceding Article relates shall
>  be those involving any of the following acts, if committed against
>  persons or
>  property protected by the present Convention: wilful killing, torture
>  or inhuman treatment, including biological experiments, wilfully
>  causing great suffering or serious injury to body or health, unlawful
>  deportation or transfer or unlawful confinement of a protected person,
>  compelling a protected person to serve in the forces of a hostile
>  Power, or wilfully depriving a protected person of the rights of fair
>  and regular trial prescribed in the present Convention, taking of
>  hostages and extensive destruction and appropriation of property, not
>  justified by military necessity and carried out unlawfully and
>  wantonly.
>
>  Art. 148. No High Contracting Party shall be allowed to absolve itself
>  or any other High Contracting Party of any liability incurred by
>  itself or by another High Contracting Party in respect of breaches
>  referred to in the preceding Article.
>
>  Art. 149. At the request of a Party to the conflict, an enquiry shall
>  be instituted, in a manner to be decided between the interested
>  Parties, concerning any alleged violation of the Convention.
>
>  If agreement has not been reached concerning the procedure for the
>  enquiry, the Parties should agree on the choice of an umpire who will
>  decide upon the procedure to be followed.
>
>  Once the violation has been established, the Parties to the conflict
>  shall put an end to it and shall repress it with the least possible
>  delay.
>
>  Section II. Final Provisions
>
>  Art. 150. The present Convention is established in English and in
>  French. Both texts are equally authentic.
>
>  The Swiss Federal Council shall arrange for official translations of
>  the Convention to be made in the Russian and Spanish languages.
>
>  Art. 151. The present Convention, which bears the date of this day, is
>  open to signature until 12 February 1950, in the name of the Powers
>  represented at the Conference which opened at Geneva on 21 April 1949.
>
>  Art. 152. The present Convention shall be ratified as soon as possible
>  and the ratifications shall be deposited at Berne.
>
>  A record shall be drawn up of the deposit of each instrument of
>  ratification and certified copies of this record shall be transmitted
>  by the Swiss Federal Council to all the Powers in whose name the
>  Convention has been signed, or whose accession has been notified.
>
>  Art. 153. The present Convention shall come into force six months
>  after not less than two instruments of ratification have been
>  deposited.
>
>  Thereafter, it shall come into force for each High Contracting Party
>  six months after the deposit of the instrument of ratification.
>
>  Art. 154. In the relations between the Powers who are bound by the
>  Hague Conventions respecting the Laws and Customs of War on Land,
>  whether that of 29 July 1899, or that of 18 October 1907, and who are
>  parties to the present Convention, this last Convention shall be
>  supplementary to Sections II and III of the Regulations annexed to the
>  above-mentioned Conventions of The Hague.
>
>  Art. 155. From the date of its coming into force, it shall be open to
>  any Power in whose name the present Convention has not been signed, to
>  accede to this Convention.
>
>  Art. 156. Accessions shall be notified in writing to the Swiss Federal
>  Council, and shall take effect six months after the date on which they
>  are received.
>
>  The Swiss Federal Council shall communicate the accessions to all the
>  Powers in whose name the Convention has been signed, or whose
>  accession has been notified.
>
>  Art. 157. The situations provided for in Articles 2 and 3 shall
>  effective immediate effect to ratifications deposited and accessions
>  notified by the Parties to the conflict before or after the beginning
>  of hostilities or occupation. The Swiss Federal Council shall
>  communicate by the quickest method any ratifications or accessions
>  received from Parties to the conflict.
>
>  Art. 158. Each of the High Contracting Parties shall be at liberty to
>  denounce the present Convention.
>
>  The denunciation shall be notified in writing to the Swiss Federal
>  Council, which shall transmit it to the Governments of all the High
>  Contracting Parties.
>
>  The denunciation shall take effect one year after the notification
>  thereof has been made to the Swiss Federal Council. However, a
>  denunciation of which notification has been made at a time when the
>  denouncing Power is involved in a conflict shall not take effect until
>  peace has been concluded, and until after operations connected with
>  the release, repatriation and re-establishment of the persons
>  protected by the present Convention have been terminated.
>
>  The denunciation shall have effect only in respect of the denouncing
>  Power. It shall in no way impair the obligations which the Parties to
>  the conflict shall remain bound to fulfil by virtue of the principles
>  of the law of nations, as they result from the usages established
>  among civilized peoples, from the laws of humanity and the dictates of
>  the public conscience.
>
>  Art. 159. The Swiss Federal Council shall register the present
>  Convention with the Secretariat of the United Nations. The Swiss
>  Federal Council shall also inform the Secretariat of the United
>  Nations of all ratifications, accessions and denunciations received by
>  it with respect to the present Convention.
>
>  In witness whereof the undersigned, having deposited their respective
>  full powers, have signed the present Convention.
>
>  Done at Geneva this twelfth day of August 1949, in the English and
>  French languages. The original shall be deposited in the Archives of
>  the Swiss Confederation. The Swiss Federal Council shall transmit
>  certified copies thereof to each of the signatory and acceding States.
>
>  Annex I. Draft Agreement Relating to Hospital and Safety Zones and
>  Localities
>
>  Art. 1. Hospital and safety zones shall be strictly reserved for the
>  persons mentioned in Article 23 of the Geneva Convention for the
>  Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in Armed Forces
>  in the Field of 12 August 1949, and in Article 14 of the Geneva
>  Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of
>  War of 12 August 1949, and for the personnel entrusted with the
>  organization and administration of these zones and localities, and
>  with the care of the persons therein assembled.
>
>  Nevertheless, persons whose permanent residence is within such zones
>  shall have the right to stay there.
>
>  Art. 2. No persons residing, in whatever capacity, in a hospital and
>  safety zone shall perform any work, either within or without the zone,
>  directly connected with military operations or the production of war
>  material.
>
>  Art. 3. The Power establishing a hospital and safety zone shall take
>  all necessary measures to prohibit access to all persons who have no
>  right of residence or entry therein.
>
>  Art. 4. Hospital and safety zones shall fulfil the following
>  conditions:
>
>  (a) they shall comprise only a small part of the territory governed by
>  the Power which has established them
>  (b) they shall be thinly populated in relation to the possibilities of
>  accommodation
>  (c) they shall be far removed and free from all military objectives,
>  or large industrial or administrative establishments
>  (d) they shall not be situated in areas which, according to every
>  probability, may become important for the conduct of the war.
>
>  Art. 5. Hospital and safety zones shall be subject to the following
>  obligations:
>  (a) the lines of communication and means of transport which they
>  possess shall not be used for the transport of military personnel or
>  material, even in transit
>  (b) they shall in no case be defended by military means.
>
>  Art. 6. Hospital and safety zones shall be marked by means of oblique
>  red bands on a white ground, placed on the buildings and outer
>  precincts.
>
>  Zones reserved exclusively for the wounded and sick may be marked by
>  means of the Red Cross (Red Crescent, Red Lion and Sun) emblem on a
>  white ground.
>
>  They may be similarly marked at night by means of appropriate
>  illumination.
>
>  Art. 7. The Powers shall communicate to all the High Contracting
>  Parties in peacetime or on the outbreak of hostilities, a list of the
>  hospital and safety zones in the territories governed by them. They
>  shall also give notice of any new zones set up during hostilities.
>
>  As soon as the adverse party has received the above-mentioned
>  notification, the zone shall be regularly established.
>
>  If, however, the adverse party considers that the conditions of the
>  present agreement have not been fulfilled, it may refuse to recognize
>  the zone by giving immediate notice thereof to the Party responsible
>  for the said zone, or may make its recognition of such zone dependent
>  upon the institution of the control provided for in Article 8.
>
>  Art. 8. Any Power having recognized one or several hospital and safety
>  zones instituted by the adverse Party shall be entitled to demand
>  control by one or more Special Commissions, for the purpose of
>  ascertaining if the zones fulfil the conditions and obligations
>  stipulated in the present agreement.
>
>  For this purpose, members of the Special Commissions shall at all
>  times have free access to the various zones and may even reside there
>  permanently. They shall be given all facilities for their duties of
>  inspection.
>
>  Art. 9. Should the Special Commissions note any facts which they
>  consider contrary to the stipulations of the present agreement, they
>  shall at once draw the attention of the Power governing the said zone
>  to these facts, and shall fix a time limit of five days within which
>  the matter should be rectified. They shall duly notify the Power which
>  has recognized the zone.
>
>  If, when the time limit has expired, the Power governing the zone has
>  not complied with the warning, the adverse Party may declare that it
>  is no longer bound by the present agreement in respect of the said
>  zone.
>
>  Art. 10. Any Power setting up one or more hospital and safety zones,
>  and the adverse Parties to whom their existence has been notified,
>  shall nominate or have nominated by the Protecting Powers or by other
>  neutral Powers, persons eligible to be members of the Special
>  Commissions mentioned in Articles 8 and 9.
>
>  Art. 11. In no circumstances may hospital and safety zones be the
>  object of attack. They shall be protected and respected at all times
>  by the Parties to the conflict.
>
>  Art. 12. In the case of occupation of a territory, the hospital and
>  safety zones therein shall continue to be respected and utilized as
>  such.
>
>  Their purpose may, however, be modified by the Occupying Power, on
>  condition that all measures are taken to ensure the safety of the
>  persons accommodated.
>
>  Art. 13. The present agreement shall also apply to localities which
>  the Powers may utilize for the same purposes as hospital and safety
>  zones.
>
>
>  Annex II. Draft Regulations concerning Collective Relief
>
>  Article 1. The Internee Committees shall be allowed to distribute
>  collective relief shipments for which they are responsible to all
>  internees who are dependent for administration on the said Committee's
>  place of internment, including those internees who are in hospitals,
>  or in prison or other penitentiary establishments.
>
>  Art. 2. The distribution of collective relief shipments shall be
>  effected in accordance with the instructions of the donors and with a
>  plan drawn up by the Internee Committees. The issue of medical stores
>  shall, however, be made for preference in agreement with the senior
>  medical officers, and the latter may, in hospitals and infirmaries,
>  waive the said instructions, if the needs of their patients so demand.
>  Within the limits thus defined, the distribution shall always be
>  carried out equitably.
>
>  Art. 3. Members of Internee Committees shall be allowed to go to the
>  railway stations or other points of arrival of relief supplies near
>  their places of internment so as to enable them to verify the quantity
>  as well as the quality of the goods received and to make out detailed
>  reports thereon for the donors.
>
>  Art. 4. Internee Committees shall be given the facilities necessary
>  for verifying whether the distribution of collective relief in all
>  subdivisions and annexes of their places of internment has been
>  carried out in accordance with their instructions.
>
>  Art. 5. Internee Committees shall be allowed to complete, and to cause
>  to be completed by members of the Internee Committees in labour
>  detachments or by the senior medical officers of infirmaries and
>  hospitals, forms or questionnaires intended for the donors, relating
>  to collective relief supplies (distribution, requirements, quantities,
>  etc.). Such forms and questionnaires, duly completed, shall be
>  forwarded to the donors without delay.
>
>  Art. 6. In order to secure the regular distribution of collective
>  relief supplies to the internees in their place of internment, and to
>  meet any needs that may arise through the arrival of fresh parties of
>  internees, the Internee Committees shall be allowed to create and
>  maintain sufficient reserve stocks of collective relief. For this
>  purpose, they shall have suitable warehouses at their disposal; each
>  warehouse shall be provided with two locks, the Internee Committee
>  holding the keys of one lock, and the commandant of the place of
>  internment the keys of the other.
>
>  Art. 7. The High Contracting Parties, and the Detaining Powers in
>  particular, shall, so far as is in any way possible and subject to the
>  regulations governing the food supply of the population, authorize
>  purchases of goods to be made in their territories for the
>  distribution of collective relief to the internees. They shall
>  likewise facilitate the transfer of funds and other financial measures
>  of a technical or administrative nature taken for the purpose of
>  making such purchases.
>
>  Art. 8. The foregoing provisions shall not constitute an obstacle to
>  the right of internees to receive collective relief before their
>  arrival in a place of internment or in the course of their transfer,
>  nor to the possibility of representatives of the Protecting Power, or
>  of the International Committee of the Red Cross or any other
>  humanitarian organization giving assistance to internees and
>  responsible for forwarding such supplies, ensuring the distribution
>  thereof to the recipients by any other means they may deem suitable.
>
>
>
>
>
>
> Israel accused Friday, 3 November, 2000 - Israel has always sought to
> escape responsibility for what was done in Khiam
>
> OPENING GRAVE WOUNDS / EVIDENCE OF ISRAELI ATROCITIES DURING THE 1967 WAR
> WITH EGYPT THREATENS THE COUNTRIES' FRAGILE TIES FREDERICK PAINTON
> REPORTED BY AMANY RADWAN/CAIRO AND ERIC SILVER/JERUSALEM - The fury
> aroused in Egypt by the apparent proof of massacres was fueled by the
> press, which matched wartime photos with imaginative illustrations showing
> Egyptian soldiers surrendering, being ordered to dig their graves, then
> being executed.
>
>
>
>
>
> "The saving of the Jews in Europe did not figure at the head of the list
> of priorities of the ruling class. It was the foundation of the State
> which was primordial in their eyes."
>
http://www.al-shia.com/html/eng/books/miscelleneous/the-founding-myths-of-israeli-politi
cs/part3.htm
>
> "The masses of Jews from Hungary's ghettos obediently boarded the
> deportation trains without knowing their fate. They were full of
> confidence in the false information that they were being transferred to
> Kenyermeze.
>
> The Nazis could not have misled the masses of Jews so conclusively had
> they not spread their false information through Jewish channels.
>
> The Jews of the ghettos would not have trusted the Nazi or Hungarian
> rulers. But they had trust in their Jewish leaders. Eichmann and  others
> used this known fact as part of their calculated plan to mislead  the
> Jews.
> They were able to deport the Jews to their extermination by the help  of
> Jewish leaders.
>
> The false information was spread by the Jewish leaders. The local  leaders
> of the Jews of Kluj and Nodvarod knew that other leaders were  spreading
> such false information and did not protest.
>
> Those of the Jews who tried to warn their friends of the truth were
> persecuted by the Jewish leaders in charge of the local 'rescue work'.
>
>
> The truth is that somewhere between 700,000 and 1,500,000 people died in
> German work camps in 1944 and 1945. Most of them were Jews. Many were not.
> Most of them died in the last six months of the war from disease and
> hunger caused by America's bombing of Germany and subsequent destruction
> of her infrastructure. There were some atrocities but very few. Few people
> realize that
> the International Red Cross had a field office in Auschwiz from 1942 until
> the end of the war.
> That office never reported or recorded any atrocities (Several years ago
> international Jewry forced the Red Cross to apologize to the Jews -
> apologize for not seeing something that never happened.)
>
> Clearly, the German authorities were at pains to relieve the dire
> situation as far as they were able. The Red Cross are quite explicit in
> stating that food supplies ceased at this time due to the Allied bombing
> of German transportation, and in the interests of interned Jews they had
> protested on March 15th, 1944 against "the barbarous aerial warfare of the
> Allies" (Inter Arma Caritas, p. 78). By October 2nd, 1944, the ICRC warned
> the German Foreign Office of the impending collapse of the German
> transportation
> system, declaring that starvation conditions for people throughout Germany
> were becoming inevitable.
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
> "Dan" <Danwigin2@hotmail.com  wrote in message
> news:4pmdndWUN9injBnUnZ2dnUVZ_h0LAAAA@giganews.com...
>
>  January 29, 2009 at 20:44:43
>
>  An avalanche of documentation that 9/11 was an "inside job" tip of an
>  iceberg of monstrous, historical evil.
>
>  by W. Christopher Epler (Bill)
>
>
>  First, please check out the following recently submitted and excellent
>  piece on Op-Ed News:
>
>
>
http://www.opednews.com/articles/Facts-Suggest-Motivation-F-by-William-Cormier-090127-28
3.html
>
>  Second, check out this link to a former editor of Forbes, named Benjamin
>  Fulford (a name we'll all undoubtedly be hearing much more from in the
>  future).
>
>  http://www.projectcamelot.org/benjamin_fulford.html
>
>  If these links aren't live on your system, please copy the addresses.
>  If the Fulford address is significantly blocked as well, do a search on
>  Benjamin Fulford (pieces, streaming videos, etc.).
>
>  Obama is playing with marbles if even a tenth of the above massively
>  documented material is correct. Godspeed to his efforts, but if the
>  ruling class of our country is not just business as usual corrupt, but
>  pathologically and genocidally evil (as the above historical
>  documentation effectively proves), then it's time for the American
>  consciousness to snap out of our Rip van Winkle coma and quantum jump to
>  realistically acknowledge forces that infinitely transcend the sitcom
>  game of politics.
>
>  Part (and only part) of what this material is forcing us to confront is
>  the obvious and ominous truth that America is really a relatively small
>  player in the vast human community of the Earth and we are getting VERY
>  threatening signals from the Orient in particular that that they are
>  SICK TO DEATH of the war mongering United States of America.
>
>  China, for example, is getting fed up with keeping the economy afloat of
>  a country that, to paraphrase Keith Olbermann is now seen by humanity as
>  "the worst country in the world" -- and unfortunately they're talking
>  about us (and our equally war mongering minion dependents).
>
>  So why are we like this and why are we so hated?  Is it the American
>  people?  Have we suddenly mutated into illiterate barbarians?
>  Fortunately, from the perspective of the above avalanche of facts, this
>  is not how the Orient in particular sees us.  Their anger is balanced
>  with intelligence and they VERY CLEARLY understand that the going
>  ballistic Have and Have Not horror in America is not only reducing
>  America's working class to cattle (or corpses), but is rapidly and
>  devastatingly rippling out to trash the economies of ALL countries and
>  irreversibly destroying the life and death ecosystems of the entire
>  human race.
>
>  OK, now let's think about this.  The national/international elites
>  (sometimes called the "Illuminati" - do a search on that one as well),
>  are having their way with EVERYTHING (especially in America!), but this
>  gaggle of multi millionaires and multi billionaires are perfectly
>  described as metastasized cancers or vampires (take your pick) since
>  either image captures the sense of miniscule (remember the elites are
>  less than one percent of the human race) but horrifically toxic sub
>  systems which are VERY rapidly killing their "host" - where host means
>  both human civilization and the our increasingly decimated human
>  environment.
>
>  So, this all means what?  Apparently from the perspective of the rest of
>  the planet, it means the Greek God like paradise of American elites (or
>  Illuminati) is on the verge of being internationally "dealt with"
>  financially and, if necessary, violently.  Hell, the Chinese alone could
>  bring us to our knees in a heartbeat if they called in all their loans .
>  . . but calling in loans in the least of it.
>
>  The bottom line is very, very simple.  The rest of the planet is coming
>  to the end of their patience with war mongering countries, whether the
>  wars are money cow oil wars for American elites, or murder in the name
>  off God wars of sociopathic, religious fanatics.
>
>  Said differently, it seems most of the planet really wants peace.
>  Unfortunately, Europe seems to be on the fence about all this, but not
>  the Orient.  And speaking of Europe, the Orient is also coming to the
>  end of their patience about the UN.  After all, they have most of the
>  population AND MONEY of the planet, and yet they still are barely
>  represented in this pseudo international organization.
>
>  Again, this is all so simple and plausible.  How could it be otherwise?
>   Does it really make sense that the VAST MAJORITY of the planet is just
>  going to passively enable American elites to keep living like Greek
>  Gods?  Does it make any sense that the vast majority of the planet is
>  going to passively allow American elites to extend their infinite greed
>  into the economic destruction of basically all other countries?  And
>  most of all, does it really make any sense the vast majority of the
>  planet is going to watch TV sitcoms while American elites (think
>  Rockefeller, Paris Hilton, Rupert Murdoch etc.) literally DESTROY THE
>  HUMAN ENVIRONMENT?
>
>  Bottom line, anyone who thinks the Orient in particular is gong to
>  "enable" American elites to keep living like war mongering Greek Gods at
>  the cost their own national economies and their very lives needs to see
>  a psychiatrist.
>
>  In AAA, when things get bad enough, someone does an "intervention" and
>  if the link material is mostly true, then we are on the verge of being
>  "intervened on".  Appropriately, the ones who should worry the most
>  about this are the elites/Illuminati, since if a monster is running amok
>  and trashing human existence, the implied strategy is to cut off its
> head.
>
>  The elites may be able to "have their will" with us, but the time may be
>  close when they are going to discover that they are not Greek Gods after
>  all, but vulnerable, mortal human beings along with all the rest of
>  human race.
>
>  An implied hopeful postscript is that IF the elites and war mongerers of
>  all stripes (religious fanatics as well as greed vampires) realize how
>  large is the Sword of Damocles that is hanging over their heads as we
>  speak, they may come to their senses and realize that it is win/win for
>  us all when human existence has a religiously unfanatical and
>  financially level playing field.
>
>  The alternative may well be an enraged and imminent tsunami of
>  "corrective planetary feedback".
>
> http://www.youtube.com/watch?vì6C-cAc240&feature=channel
>
>
>
>
>            . . . .. . . . . . . . ..    . . .
>>             . . . .  . . . . . . ..     . . .
>>
>> On the authority of Ibn Mas'ud (r.a) relates that the Holy Prophet
>> (sa) said: After I am gone you
>>
>> will experience discrimination and will observe things that you will
>> disapprove. Someone asked:
>>
>> Messenger of Allah, what do you command us we should do in such case?
>> He said: Discharge your
>>
>> obligations and supplicate Allah for your rights (Bokhari and Muslim).
>>
>> Google promotes and/or accepts abuse and aggression toward Muslims, it
>> is now clear that Google
>>
>> has sided with those who hate the religion of Allah (Islam) and those
>> who love Allah (Jews,
>>
>> Christians and Muslims alike) and follow His commands.
>>
>> Yaaa!! Mu'minin WE are 1.2 billion Muslims, WE are servants of the
>> Most High, WE have the
>>
>> blessings of Allah ta'ala, our voice will be heard and our rights
>> honoured, if we only pray and
>>
>> reject what is from the those who side with the the tyrants. Discharge
>> your obligations toward
>>
>> Google and do not buy anything that is advertised on google, ask Allah
>> ta'ala to return our rights
>>
>> and Palestine to the children of Abraham (the Arabs) and the total and
>> peaceful dismantle of the
>>
>> Illegal State of Israel.
>>
>> Victory is for the righteous, so says the God of Abraham, Moses and
>> Jesus... the Lord of the
>>
>> universe...
>>
>>
>> http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SBZppfhilzM
>> http://newsfromthewest.blogspot.com/
>> http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oQYMoDz7xpo&feature=related
>> http://www.youtube.com/watch?v´6ZpE_O1lQ&feature=related
>> 1 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-SbjAanvUqs
>> 2 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VV8N9J9gJ9c&feature=related
>> 3 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GM1ruYCS6JY&NR=1
>> 4 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zg0ql9tA1-I&feature=related
>> 5 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K-ZHRPHrOsI&NR=1
>> 6 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Agn1dHqQlzY&feature=related
>> 7 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ErOsqvO-qsQ&NR=1
>> 8 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rIh8Kky541g&NR=1
>> 9 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MWdwkmLIDfg&NR=1
>> 10 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fv8mA4yGwIk&NR=1
>> http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AqXwX9Fy9Uw&NR=1
>>
>> Why does the Holocaust have so many laws to hide it from scientific
>> investigation? because it is a
>>
>> lie!
>> The truth does not fear  investigation!
>>
>> Escaping Judaism
>> http://www.youtube.com/watch?v#Z1MHWY85I
>>
>> Every war when it comes, or before it comes, is represented not as a
>> war but as an act of
>>
>> self-defence against a homicidal maniac.
>>
>> What Famous Man say about Jews?
>> http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MIQbe9ATUNU&NR=1
>> http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DoeOVpC0O0w&feature=related
>> http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jGWumOKHr6Q&feature=related
>>
>> The Jewish problem has its origins in the Talmud
>> http://video.google.ca/videoplay?docid=-6657600254881054584&hl=en
>>
>> This is one report that took me by surprise, things I never new!
>>
http://video.google.com/videoplay?docidQ2501736655242097&q=end+game+spanish&ei=P
IVxSO-qJJHCrgLlh
>>
>> dSKBQ&hl=es
>>
>> The death of a tyrant
>> http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NeLeZgnQAcQ
>
>
[ Auf dieses Posting antworten ]