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Autoantibodies against appetite hormones may stem from intestinal flora

Nutrition. 2008 Sep;24(9):854-9

Emerging role of autoantibodies against appetite-regulating
neuropeptides in eating disorders.
Fetissov SO, Hamze Sinno M, Coquerel Q, Do Rego JC, Coeffier M, Gilbert
D, Hokfelt T, Dechelotte P.
Digestive System and Nutrition Laboratory (ADEN EA3234), Institute of
Biomedical Research, Rouen University, IFR23, Rouen, France.

OBJECTIVE: Recent findings of autoantibodies directed against
melanocortin peptides suggest that these autoantibodies may represent a
source of variability in peptidergic signaling that can be responsible
for altered appetite and emotion in eating disorders. However, it is
still unknown if autoantibodies directed against some other
appetite-regulating neuropeptides and peptide hormones exist in healthy
human subjects and if these autoantibodies can regulate appetite and
emotion. METHODS: We determined the presence of autoantibodies against
some key appetite-regulating neuropeptides and peptide hormones in sera
of human subjects and in rats, and used animal models to study the role
of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone autoantibodies in food intake
and anxiety. RESULTS: Immunoglobulin G and A autoantibodies against
alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, neuropeptide Y, agouti-related
protein, ghrelin, leptin, and some other neuropeptides or peptide
hormones involved in appetite control were present in healthy humans and
rats. Animal models including active and passive transfer showed that
alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone autoantibodies are involved in the
regulation of feeding and anxiety. Sequence homology was found between
neuropeptides and proteins from some members of intestinal microflora,
whereas germ-free rats showed altered levels of autoantibodies directed
against several neuropeptides. CONCLUSION: Autoantibodies directed
against appetite-regulating neuropeptides and peptide hormones are
emerging as important participants in the peptidergic mechanisms
controlling motivated behavior. Furthermore, these autoantibodies could
provide a link in the gut-brain axis and may represent new biological
targets for the diagnosis and treatment of eating disorders.

Publication Types:
*  Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
*  Review

PMID: 18725083

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